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 BULLARIUM

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BULLARIUM

Mainardi railed his first published volume Tom. VII, and reprinted the Bulls of Clement X from the be- ginning of his pontificate to his death. Moreover, an engraved frontispiece prefixed to this volume, printed in 1733, bears the words "Bullarium Romanum, Tom. VII". The book further contains a promise that the six volumes of Cherubini's bullarium should in course of time be reprinted in a corrected and en- larged form, with the aid of the documents con- tained in the secret archives of the Holy See. Seven other volumes followed in sequence to this first. They were printed from 1734 to 174-1 and brought the collection from Clement X in 1670 to the acces- sion of Benedict XIV in 1740. Meanwhile the pub- lisher had engaged an able scholar, Charles Coeque- lines, to re-edit the six volumes of Cherubini's bullarium from Leo I to Clement X. In his hands an immense mass of material accumulated. The first volume was printed in 1739 and it. bore a slightly different title from that of the instalment which .Mainardi had already published, beginning at "Tom. VII". Cocquelines' section was headed "Bullarum, privilegiarum ac diplomatum Romanorum Pontificum amplissima collectio" and in comparison with Cheru- bini's meagre gleanings from antiquity the epithet amplissima was fully deserved. This series, like all good work, advanced very slowly. A tabular ar- rangement will best show the details. The editor had to make his numbering correspond with Cherubini's six volumes and consequently some of the nominal tomi of the new edition were divided into several parts:

Period

Year of

Vols.

Called

Covered

Publication

I

Tom. I I 450-1061

1739

II

Tom. II 1061-1181

1740

III-V

Tom. Ill (in 3 parts)

1181-1521

1740-1743

VI-IX

Tom. IV (in 4 parts)

1521-1588

1745-1747

X XIV

Tom. V (in 5 parts)

1588-1626

1751-1756

XV-XX

Tom. VI (in 6 parte)

1626-1669

1758-1762

Some time before the completion of the series Cocque- lines had died, and the last five volumes to appear did not bear his name. Simultaneously with this am- plified edition of Cherubim, Mainardi had also been publishing, in folio, but somewhat smaller, the four volumes of the bullarium of Benedict XIV, the first of which, as already noted, appeared with that pontiff's own authentication. In sum the whole col- lection which issued from Mainardi's press amounted to thirty-two folio volumes and extended from Leo I in 450 to the death of Benedict XIV. 1758. As this in time grew antiquated, Andrew Barberi began in 1835 the publication of the Bulls of Pope Clemen! XIII and his successors under the title of "Bullarii Romani Continuatio" (19 vols., fol.), Rome, 1835- 57. These came down to the fourth year of Pope Gregory XVI, i. e. to 1834. There is also another series of the same kind which appeared as a con- tinuation of the bullarium of Benedict XIV at Prato in 1843-67 (10 vols., fol.).

The Turin Bullarium. — Finally, a large quarto edition of the bullarium was begun at Turin under the auspices of Cardinal Gaude in 1857, edited by Tomasctti. It claims to be more comprehensive, better printed and better arranged than the work of Cocquelines, but the additions made are insignificant and the typographical errors are numerous. More- over among the documents added, e pecially in Ap- pendix I (1S67), are included some whose authen- ticity is more than doubtful. At Turin twenty-two volumes were printed (1857-72) down to Clement XI] and five more, continuing the work to the end of Benedict XIV, were added at Naples (1867-85).

Particular Bullaria. — Besides the general bul- larium of which we have so far spoken, various particular bullaria have been compiled at different times collecting the papal documents relating to this or that religious order or institution or locality. For example, eight volumes have recently been pub- lished by R. de Martinis under the title "Jus Pontifi- cium de Propaganda Fide" (Rome, 1S88-9S). This is in substance the bullarium of the Congregation of Propaganda brought up to date. Similarly an ex- haustive collection or rather calendar of early papal documents concerning the churches of Italy has been undertaken by P. F. Kehr under the title of "Italia Pontifacia" (Berlin, 1906). The expense is defrayed by the Gottingen Academy. Of the more important religious orders nearly all have at some time or other collected their privileges in print. Among the most extensive of such compilations, which formerly often went by the name of "Mare Magnum" (Great Ocean) may be mentioned the Bullarium of the Dominicans, edited by Ripoll and Bremond (8 vols., Rome, 1729-40); that of the Franciscans, edited by Sbaralea (4 vols., Rome, 1758-80), with a more modern continuation by Eubel (3 vols., Rome, 1897- 1904); that of the Capuchins (7 vols., Rome, 1740- 52); that of the Benedictines of Monte Cassino (2 vols., Venice, 1650). All the volumes here men- tioned are folios, mostly of considerable bulk.

Historically speaking, the most interesting papal documents are often those contained in the "Regesta" (see Bulls and Briefs) which have never been in- cluded in the general Bullarium. Since the Archives of the Vatican were thrown open to students by Leo XIII in 1883, immense labour has been spent upon the copying and publication of the Bulls con- tained in the "Regesta". But even before this date facilities fcr research were not unfrequently accorded. Many hundreds of copies of documents relating to Great Britain were made for the British Government by Marino de Marinis in the early part of the nine- teenth century and are now preserved in the British Museum. In 1873 the Rev. Joseph Stevenson was sent to Rome for a similar purpose and the large col- lection of transcripts made by him during four years' residence may be consulted at the Record Office, London. Since then Messrs. Bliss and Twenlow have been engaged on the same task and have published at the expense of the British Government seven volumes of a "Calendar of Entries in the Papal Registers illustrating the History of Great Britain and Ireland". These are primarily papal letters, and they extend from the beginning of the thirteenth to the middle of the fifteenth century. The members of the Ecole Francaise de Rome have been equally active and it is mainly to them that we owe the pub- lication of detailed calendars of the entire contents of the "Regesta" of various pontificates mostly of the thirteenth century. Those of Honorius IV (1285- 87), Nicholas IV (1288-92), Benedict XI (1303-04) have been published and are complete. Those of Innocent. IV (1243-54), Urban IV (1261-64), Clem- ent IV (1265-68) are all but complete; while great progress has been made with those of Gregory X and John XXI (1271-77), Nicholas III (1277-80), Mar- tin IV (1281-85), Boniface VIII (1294-1303), Greg- ory IX (1227-41), and Alexander IV (1254-61). Besides these, the "Regesta" of Clement V (1305- 14) have been published by the Benedictines in nine volumes folio at the cost of Leo XIII. and those of John XXII (1316-34), as far as they relate to France. are being printed by A. Coulon, while those of the other Avignon popes are also in hand. The "Re- gesta" of Innocent III and his successor Honorius III have long been printed, and they are among the last

volumes included in the Patrology of Migne. Finally among local bullaria we may mention the consider- able collections published some years ago by Augus-