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 CHARLEVOIX

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CHARLEVOIX

lege at Rome, and one of the most learned members of the ( atholic hierarchy in the United States; his numerous lectures, essays and treatises exhibit the versatility and accuracy of his knowledge. His epis- copate was marked by grievous afflictions. The trous fire of 1S61, closely following the opening of hostilities in Charleston harbour during the Civil W.r, destroyed the cathedral, the bishop's. residence, and other valuable property, together with the dio- cesan library. The subsequent Bombardment of the city for nearly two years wrought further damage, closed most of the churches, and depleted and im- poverished the congregations. General Sherman's lation of Columbia was marked by the burning i St. Mary's College, (lie Sisters' Home and the (Jrsuline Convent.

Towards the end of the war Bishop Lynch went to Europe as the accredited representative of the Con- i • 1 racy on a confidential mission. On his return immediately after the war. he stood in the midst of ruins, among a destitute and dejected people, with j, debt of over $200,000 pressing upon him. He at once began to collect funds throughout the country for the immediate needs of his diocese and to liquidate it- .Most of the succeeding

seventeen years wire devoted to this work; he left but a small balance of the debt unpaid at his death, 22 February, 1882, having in the meantime built a pro-cathedral, purchased an episcopal residence and restored much church property. He was a member i.i the Vatican Council (1869-70) to which he was accompanied by the Rev. Dr. .lames A. Corcoran (q. v.) one of the most erudite of the American priest- hood then working in the Charleston Diocese. During the frequent absence of Bishop Lynch tin- diocese My governed by his vicar-general. Dr. Quigley, pastor of St. Patrick's Church, under whom was ed St. 1 rancis Xavier's Infirmary, built with the bequest of a devout lady, and conducted by the Sisters of Mercy.

The fourth bishop, the Rt. Rev. Henry Pinckney Northrop (consecrated 8 January, 1882), was trans- ferred (27 .la unary. 1883) from the Vicariate Apostolic of North Carolina to Charleston. On the night of 31 August, 1886, Charleston was visited by an earth- quake which wrecked the pro-cathedral and episcopal residence, and wrought great damage to ecclesiastical property in the city. Through the generous contribu- tions of benefactors in the North, churches, rectories and institutions were completely restored. Under previous bishops churches were erected in the princi- pal cities of the diocese. Bishop Northrop kept pee with the material progress of the State, ami dedicated twelve churches, besides the new Cathedral of St. .John the Baptist, one of the most beautiful in the South. I 1 April. 1907. The solicitude of Bishop England for the spiritual welfare of the coloured peo-

£le was emulated by his successors. In 1867 Bishop ynch purchased and dedicated a church for them exclusively. Its flourishing school is in charge of the

Sisters of Mercy residing at St. Catherine's Convent

the church, established under I Northrop, and named for Mother Catherine Dn eel, the generous benefactress of this church and school and of the coloured congregation at ('atholic Cross Roads. The Sisters of Mercy, who were introduced in 1829, care for the orphans and devote their educa- tional labours to academies and parochial schools. The Ursulines began their foundation in 1834, and

have had as pupils daughters of the leading citizens of the State. In 1907 Bishop Northrop introduced

idies of the Cenacle. rhe religious statistics i puis are as follows: Priests, 19; churohes with resi- dent priests, 12; missions with churches, 17; si 75; religious women and postulants, 'as; students in seminary, 1; academies for young ladies. 5; pupils, 337; parishes with parochial schools, 8; pupil

orphans cared for, 7:?; hospital, 1; Catholic popula- tion, 9,650.

Shea, Hist, of Cnlh. Ch. in V. S. (New York. 1SS9-92); O'Gorman, Hist, o! the Cath. Ch.itl the U.S. (New York, 1895), passim; Thr I'niteil States Catholic Miscellany, tiles ^Charles- ton, 1822 L862) P. L. Duffy.

Charlevoix, Fkancois-Xavier, historian, b. at St-Quentin. France, '24 October, 1682, d. at La Fleche, 1 February, 1761. He entered the Society of Jesus, 15 September. 1698, at the age of sixteen, studied philosophy at the College de Louis le Grand (1700-1704), and' then went to Quebec, where he taught grammar from 1705 to 1709. During the years spent in Canada, he gathered material for his future "History of New France". He returned to Paris in 1709 and studied theology for four years. In 1720, under instructions from the French Court, he began his travels through the French colonies to information for the discovery of the Western sea. He embarked at La Ilochelle in July of that year, and reached Quebec towards the end of September. He proceeded up the St. Law fence River and through the Great Lakes to Michillimackinac, from which place he journeyed to the lower end of the territory of the Puans or Winnebago Indians. Entering Lake Michigan he continued along the eastern shore and at, length after much endeavour reached the Illinois, whence he descended the Mississippi to its mouth. The vessel upon which he embarked for San Domingo was wrecked near the Bahamas and the expedition was temporarily abandoned.

Charlevoix and his companions returned to the Mississippi by way of the coast of Florida. His sec- ond attempt to gain the Island of San Domingo proved more successful, and he reached this colony at the be- ginning of September, 1722, and left at the end of the sami month. He embarked for Havre 24 December, 1722. After his return to France, in 172M, he made a journey to Italy, fulfilling the various duties of his order and working for twenty-two years as an editor of the "Memoires de Trevoux". a monthly journal of bibliography, history, and science.

His works are: (1) " Ilistoire du Japon" (3 vols., l_'mo, Rouen, 1715); cut inly rewritten (2 vols.. 4tO, am 1 9 vols., 12mo, Paris, 1 736 | ; revised and re-edited (6 vols., l-'m.i. Paris, 1754). 'Die history is enriched with maps and plates, and embraces all that is intcr- esting in Kampfer's work, "History of Japan and Siam ". At the end is a resume of all the works on Japan published up to that time. (2) "La Vie de la Men Marie de ITncarnation" (8vo, Paris, 1724) Sistoire de l'Isle Espagnole ou de S. Domingue" (2 vols., 4to, Paris, 1730 31; 2 vols., 8vo, Amsterdam, 1733). This work u as compiled from data and manu- scripts furnished him by Pore Le Pers, who had lived in San Domingo for twenty-live years, and also from p ports which are preservi d in the Depot de la Marine

of France I Histoire et di eripi ion generate de

la \ou\ elle-Franc. ■" 3 vols bo, and 6 vols. 12mo, I7l!i. with maps ami plates; English transla- tion (2 vols., 8vo, London. 1761; London, 1763; 2 vols., 8vo, Dublin, 1706). The English version <>f 176:! has

.lowing descriptive title: " Letters to the Duch- ess of Lesdiguieres ; giving an \ecoiuit oi a voyage to Canada, and travels through that vast Country, and Louisiana to the Gulf of Mexico. 1 ndertaken By Order present King of France. Bj 1 ather Charlevoix.

Being a more full and ai a. lion of Can-

ada, and the neighbouring Countries than has been published; the character ol every Nation or

Tribe in that vast Tract being given: their Religion, i a inn. Mannei, Tradition-, Government, Lan- guages, and Towns; the Trade carried on with them, and at what places; tic P !

i Lakes, Water Falls and Livers, with tin ing them; the Min> P! tnd \nimals