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 CHABANEL

551

CHAIR

therefore claim, merely by virtue of their office, title to property held by their predecessors, the legis- lature, inconsequence of representations made to the Government on the subject, passed the Ordinance No. 19 of 1906, whereby the Catholic archbishop and bishops, and their respective successors, appointed according to the laws and usages of the Catholic Church, are constituted corporations sole with per- petual succession, and with full power to acquire and hold all species of property, and to sue or be sued in respect of such property in all eourts of justici. While the ecclesiastical system of the Church is thus complete, the Catholic laity arc not backward in respect to organization and public action, for in addi- tion to various religious and social institutions they have formed an association representative of all Catholics under the name of "The Catholic 1'nion of Ceylon ". having for its object the protection and ad- vancement of Catholic interests. The general statis- tics for 1905 are: churches and chapels, 692; schools, .570. with 45,549 pupils; seminaries, 5, with 174 stu- dents (in the central or "Leonianum'' Seminary at Kandy there are 88); orphan asylums. 16, with 975 orphans; 133 European secular priests, 43 native priests, and 2S8 religious (Oblates, Jesuits, Benedic- tines); and 430 sisters in the various educational and charitable institutions.

Cath<.: Direct Madras. 190S): Ceylon Handbook and

Director,/ (Colombo, 1908); Tbnnent, A History of Ceylon

(London, ISiiO) ; ( 'akpenter. From A/lam's Pent; to Elephanta

(London. 19114) ; Statesman's Year Book (London. 1908) 120-27.

T. E. DE Sampayo.

Chabanel, Noel, Jesuit missionary among the Huron Indians, b. in Southern France, 2 February,

1613: slain by a renegade Huron, S December, 1649. Chabanel entered the Jesuit novitiate at Toulouse at the age of seventeen, and was professor of rhetoric in several colleges of the Society in the- province of Tou- louse. He was highly esteemed for \ irtue and learn- ing. In 1643. he was sent to Canada and, after studying the Algonquin language for a time, was ap- pointed to the mission of the llurons, among whom he remained till his death. In these apostolic labours he was the companion of the intrepid missionary, Father Charles Gamier. As lie felt a strong repug- nance to the life and habits of the Indians, and feared it might result in his own withdrawal from the work, he nobly bound himself by vow never to leave the mission, and he kept his vow to the end. In the "Relation" of 1649-50, Father Ragueneau describes the martyr deaths of Chabanel and Gamier, with biographical sketches of these two fathers.

Thwaites, J Sketch XXIII. 328, Eulogy,

XX W. 151 59, and XI.. :!7-i:S: Sin *. History of the Catholic Mission* New York, 1855), 194; Menology of the English- speaking AeeieUxncy < Hoehampton, 1902), II, 273; Tanner, Societas Jesu Militans (German ed. I, 687.

Edward P. Si-ii.lane. Chabor. See Habor.

Chachapoyas, Diocese of, in Peru, created by I'ius VI I in 1803, under the name of < lhachapoyas and Maynas; made a suffragan to Lima by Gregory XV!

in 1st:;, under the name of Chachapoyas. It has about 96,000 souls, divided into 15 parishes. The population of the episcopal city is about 6,000; it has a fine cathedral.

Hernaez, Cdeceidn de l>ula .f.,,,, ,t, (Bni seta, 1876); Battandier, Ann. pant. rath. (Paris 1007 . 221

.1. Mo\ 1 1 -. in. Oca v breg6n.

Chadwick, James, second Bishop of Hexham ami Newcastle, b. at Drogheda, Ireland, 24 April. 1813;

d. at Newcastle. 1 1 May. 1SS2. and buried at I'shaw.

He was tin- third son of a gentleman of an old dc Lancashire family, John Chadwick, who had settled in Ireland, and an Irish lady. Frances Dromgoole. He was educated at I'shaw College from Hay, 1825, until his ordination as priest on 17 Dec, 1836. He then was general prefect at the

college for three years, after which he taught humani- ties until he was appointed professor of philosophy, a post he occupied for five years. In 1849 he became vice-president of the college anil professor of dog- matic theology. After a few months his health broke down, and he found the change he needed among a little body of secular priests who devoted themselves to preaching missions and retreats. In 1856 their house at Wooler was burnt, and Father Chadwick returned once more to I'shaw as professor of philoso- phy. From 1S59 to 1863 lie was chaplain to Lord Stourton, but again returned to I'shaw as professor of pastoral theology. He was fulfilling these duties when he was elected bishop of the diocese in 1866; he was consecrated 28 Oct. in the college chapel by Archbishop Manning. For sixteen years he ruled the diocese, and for one year during thai time (1S77) he also held the dignity of president of Ushaw, being the eighth in that office. A man of great personal dignity and charm, he is remembered for his meek- ness and sweetness of manner. His works include: an edition of Leutlmer's "Coelum Christianum" (London, 1871); "St. Teresa's Own Words: Instruc- tions on the Prayer of Recollection" (Newcastle, 1878); "Instructions How to Meditate" (published anonymously), and many pastoral letters.

Brady, I rtnale of Ou < 'aihoUc Hierarchy (Rome and London, 1877); GlLLOW, Bibl. Dirt. Ena. Call,. (London, 1885). I. 444; Anon., Records awl Ri eo o (Preston, 1SS9), 127;

Laing, Ushaw College Crnterum/ Memorial (Newcastle, 1S95), 222-23.

Edwin- Burton.

Chagas, Antonio das. See Fonseca So ares, Antonio da.

Chaignon, Pierre, b. at Saint-Pierre-la-Cour, Mayenne, France, 8 October, 1791, entered the Society of Jesus 14 August, 1S19; d. at Angers, 20 Sept., 1SS3. He passed his whole life in the ministry, chiefly in the spiritual direction of priests. In thirty years he gave three hundred retreats to the clergy of the principal dioceses of France. His chief literary work is his " Meditations sacerdotales" which has ap- peared in several languages. Bohemian. Polish, Ital- ian, and English. Bishop De Goesbriand of Bur- lington. Vermont, U. S. A., translated it into English from the eleventh edition. Chaignon wrote also " Le salut faeilite aux peeheurs par la devotion all tres saint el iinmaeuie Coeur de Marie"; " l.es six dimanehes do St. Louis dc Gonzague"; "Le pretre a I'autel"; " 1'aix de I'arae"; and also several brochures on a good death, the jubilees of Isii'i anil 1S75. etc. He established a 1'iiion of Prayer for Deceased Priests which was eanonicallv erected into a confraternitv in I s.il.

Sommervooel, Bibl. </■■ '-i r. ,te J. (Paris, 1891), V, 11;

Let/res ,le ./.,-::. 7 I1SS.V'; Si lor le. 1 . I ic flu P. Chaignon

(Pazis, 1888): Sacerdotal Meditaliona t ir. de Goesbrianc (Montpelier, Vt., 1889), Preface.

T. J. Campbell.

Chair of Peter. — Under this head will be treated: 1. The annual Feast of (lie Chair of l'ofor {Cathedra Petn I at Home; II. The Chair itself.

I. Tin, Annual Feast of Cathedra Petri at Rome.- I rom the earliest times the Church at Koine

celebrated on IS January the memory of the day when the Apostle held his first service with the faith- ful of the Eternal City. According to Duchesne and de Rossi, the " Mart yrologium Ilieronymianum" (Weissenburg manuscript) reads as follows: "XV Kl.. I I .Id I. 1 ledicatio cathedra- sci petri apostoli qua primo Rome petrUS apostolus sedit" (fifteenth day

before the call od o Febi the di tical ion of tin-

Chair of St. Peter the Apostle in which Peter the Apostle firs! sal at Rome). The Bpternach manu- script (Codex Epternacensis) of the same work, says briefly: "cath. petri in roma" (the Chair of Peterin

Home i.

In its present (ninth-century) form the "Martyro-