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 BUFFALO

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BUFFALO

prisoners of the invading force and, on the latter, forced a definitive evacuation of the territory. From 1810 to 1S24 the city was a principal centre of the uprising which led to the separation of the Spanish- American colonies from the mother country.

Archdiocese of Buenos Aires (Bonaerensis), or SantIsima Trinidad. — The Diocese of Buenos Aires was formed upon the dismemberment of the original Diocese of Asuncion, in Paraguay, by a Bull of Paul III in 1620. Its first bishop was Pedro Car- ranza, a Carmelite, who was succeeded by a scries of nineteen bishops, ending in 1S55, when a Bull of Pius IX created Buenos Aires an archdiocese. This archdiocese comprises, besides the federal district with its 1,100,000 inhabitants, the territories of Rio Negro, Chubut, and Santa Cruz, commonly known as Patagonia, or Tierra del Fuego, and containing altogether a population of 41,964. The city itself is divided into 22 parishes and 2 mission (succursal) parishes, each with its church. Besides these parish churches there are 50 churches and public chapels, also SO other chapels, many of them semi-public, connected with religious and charitable institutions. ( J 'or- seme account of particular churches see ARGEN- TINE REPUBLIC..) The archbishop is assisted by an auxiliary bishop and two vicars-general. The metro- politan chapter consists of a dean, five other digni- taries, and five canons (a theologian, a penitentiary, •i canon of the first class, a canon of the second class, and a secretary). There are in the archdiocese -'"'I secular priests. The seminary, situated at Villa Devoto, IS a tine edifice with a public chapel dedi- cated to the Immaculate Conception. It is expected that this establishment will be converted into the central seminary of the republic and a Pontifical uni- versity of sacred science's. There are 54 religious communities. Pious associations for seculars, women as well as men, arc numerous, particularly those de- voted to works of charity, upon which the people of Buenos Aires spend immense sums. Catholic col- leges for primary and secondary instruction arc numerous. Among those conducted by religious are San .lose, under the Bayonne Fathers; Salvador, un- der the Fathers of the Society of Jesus; the Dominican college of Lacordaire; that of the Escolapios, ami that ol the Brothers of the Christian Doctrine. Active efforts are being made to establish a Catholic uni- versity. Among the various periodicals the " Revista Eclesifistica del Arzobispado" and the daily "El Pueblo" deserve special mention. The workingmen have organized themselves into Catholic clubs, the membership of which now exceeds 40,000.

It is to be remarked that the Catholics of this city, like those of the whole republic, whether failing to realize exactly the existing social conditions, or be- they have been too much occupied with polit- ical contentions, have restricted their efforts to the formation of charitable associations, doing nothing, until very recently, in the direction of socio-political organization. A sectarian persecution which arose

during the yean 1 ss I 88 aroused the dormant zeal of the faithful, and a Catholic congress was held which produced copious results. A congress of Fran- ciscan Tertiaries was held in 1006. and a second con- gress of Catholics in general has been convoked for tin' year 1907. through the initiative of the Congre- gation of the Immaculate Conception and Saint Aloysius Gonzaga in the College of San Salvador.

Argentine Confederation and Panguav Nen > ..rk. 1859 : Parish, Buenot Ayre* and the Provi

a 1839); Salvadobbs, Quia ,■ del Anobitpado dt Buenot Aire* (Buenc Ure 1907

publieacion ofirial (Buenos Aires, lwnv- 07 . Mm mm/ / Irgentbteau XX'ttteh (Paris, 1906); Mar- m\w xo £ kisloriadonwgr&fleade Buenot Aires

U o. i i\f:z. Anuano ettadUtico de H>i> ""« Aire* B 899-1903); MAB-rfNBZ, Cen*o general de

vnhlariim, rdiflcnci'm, cennertio. c industrial de la ciwln/l 'If Buenos I en Ins dla* 11 i; is ./. Septiembre dt 1804

(Buenos Aires. 1906); QsBIfAEZ, CoJeccidn de iiulaa. Breve*, y

otros doeumentos relatives d In Igltsia d* America (Brussels, 1879); Larrouv. Origenex de Buenos Aires (Buenos Aires, 1905); Raz,m y Fe (Madrid, 1903), VI, 364; Gahb6n, Manual de instruction civica (Buenos Aires, 1906).

Pablo Hernandez.

Buffalo, Diocese of, established 23 April, 1847, now comprises the counties of Erie, Niagara, Gene- see, Orleans, Chautauqua, Wyoming, Cattaraugus, and Allegany, in the State of New York, U. S. A., an area of 6,357 square miles. It was set apart from the great Diocese of New York and the see located at Buffalo on Lake Erie, the territory comprising nearly one-third of the State of New York. In 1868 the Diocese of Rochester was formed from the eastern counties of this territory; and in 1896, after Bishop Ryan's death, four more counties, Steuben, Schuyler, Chemung, and Tioga, were taken from the Diocese of Buffalo and added to the Rochester jurisdiction.

Indian Missions. — Two of the nations of the Iroquois League, the Seneeas and the Cayugas, dwelt in this region before the advent of the white men. The Seneeas had villages in the valley of the Genesee about twenty miles from Lake Ontario, and the Cayugas erected their cabins near the lake which still bears their name. The Seneca was the most populous and warlike nation of the League. In their frequent raids into the country of the Hurons of Northern Canada, they carried off many captives who had been instructed in Christianity by the French missionaries from Quebec. So numerous were these Huron Christian captives that they formed an entire village, which was called St. Michael's, in memory of their old Huron home. Jesuit missionaries visited these towns in 1656, and cheered the Christian cap- tives who had lost all hope of ever again beholding a "Black Robe". In 1669 this village was located in the north-east part of the present town of East Bloomfield. The Rev. Father Fremin, a Jesuit, es- tablished his residence in this town in the fall of 166S, built a chapel, ami said the first Mass there, 3 Novem- ber, 1668. Three years later the Rev. James Pierron became the resident missionary at Gannagaro, or St. James, a Seneca town situated on Boughton Hill, south of the present village of Victor. The principal village of the Cayugas was situated about three and one-half miles south of Union Springs, near Great Gully Brook. This was called St. Joseph's by the Jesuits. Father Carheil built a chapel there in November. 1668, and immediately began his work of instructing. There was another town of the Cayugas at the northern extremity of Seneca Fake. Another chapel was built in the large Seneca town of Gandaehioragon, or Totiakton, which was called the Immaculate Conception by the Jesuits. This was situated near Lima, about ten miles west of St. .lames.

The Jesuits had four or five prosperous missions within the territory of the original Diocese of Buffalo, in winch they laboured successfully for ten years until English intrigue and subsequent wars with the French forced them from the field. During those years they baptized nearly all the dying; they im- parted a general knowledge of Christianity to the two western nations of the League; they strength- ened the old Huron Christians in their faith, and added several hundred Iroquois converts to the Church. Many of the Iroquois chiefs sided with the English, in the war of the latter against the French, and the French missionaries were forced from the field of their labours. Many of the Christian Indians had already abandoned their homes in the [roquois

country for the new settlements on the St. Lawrence,

under the protection of the French; and many more accompanied the Fathers in their Bight, and settled on the St. Regis, oral Caugbnawaga, where they still

Eractise the Faith they acquired in their Iroquois omes. In the summer of 1669 the explorer, La