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 CAYLUS

470

CEADDA

Caylus, Anne-Claude-Philippe de Tubieres- Grimoard de Pestels de Levis, Comte de, French archaeologist, b. at Paris, in 1692; d. in 1765. He was the eldest- son of Lieutenant-General de Caylus and was educated with the greatest care by his mother, a woman of much ability and literary distinction, whose "Souvenirs" are full of valuable information for the history of the time. When only seventeen years old he enlisted and took part in the campaigns of the French army in Spain and Germany. After the peace of Rastadt (1714), he left the army and de- voted himself entirely to the study of the arts and sciences. He first travelled for a few years in Italy, Greece, the East, England and Germany, visiting old ruins and gathering inscriptions and antiquities. His desire to see everything himself and verify the in- formation given by ancient historians was such that he sometimes risked his life. He went even so far, during his excursion to the ruins of Ephesus and Colophon, as to take as guides and bodyguards a troop of much-dreaded highwaymen who infested the country. After his return to Paris, he wrote his most important book, " Recueil d'antiquites egyptiennes, etrusques, grecques, romaines et gauloises" (Paris, 1752-67, seven vols., the last two volumes published after his death). He also worked, with Mariette, Barthel£my and Rive, at the collection of ancient paintings known as "Peintures antiques trouve'es a Rome" (three vols, folio), which was published in 1783-87, long after Caylus' death. A member of the Academy of Painting in 1731, and of the Academy of Inscriptions in 1742. he wrote no fewer than fifty re- ports on various topics of erudition. Caylus was also a painter and an engraver of no little merit, and he is credited with finding a new process to inlay colors in marble. Many engravings were made at his own expense, such as those of the "Histoire de Saint Jo- seph", after Rembrandt (Amsterdam, 1755). In his moments of leisure Caylus took pleasure in com- posing novels, humorous pieces, and fairy tales, which were published together under the title of "CEuvres badines" (Paris, 1787). His "Oriental Tales" were translated into English (London, 1817).

Le Beau, Eloge de Caylus, in Memoires de V Academic des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres (April. 1766); Serieys, Souvenirs du Comte de Caylus (Paris. 1805); Cochin, Memoires inedits sur le Comte ,le Caylus (Paris. 1800); Nisakd, Cerrespondance inedite du Comte de Caylus avec le P. Paciaudi, theatin, 1755-65 (2 vols., Paris, 1877).

Louis N. Delamarre.

Cazeau, Charles-Felix, a French-Canadian priest, b. at Quebec, 24 December, 1807, of Jean-Baptist e Cazeau and Genevieve Chabot; d. 26 February, 1881. He studied at Nicolet Seminary and in 1825 joined the clergy, acting as under-secretary to Bishop Plessis of Quebec. He shared more or less directly in the diocesan administration during fifty-six years, serv- ing successively under Bishops Plessis, Pallet, Signay, Turgeon, Baillargeon, and Taschereau. With his arduous duties as secretary, vicar-general, and, at four different periods, administrator of an immense diocese, he combined the direction of the men's sodality and, later, the chaplaincy of the Good Shep- herd Institute, from 1856 until his death. His generosity and charity were boundless. His chief title to veneration and gratitude is his devotedness to the "exiles of Erin", whom, in 1S47, famine and pestilence forced to seek a home on the shores of the St. Lawrence. Not content with risking his life in the quarantine station with so many heroic priests, nine of whom fell victims to duty, the Abbe Cazeau, moved with compassion at the sight of the many orphans, took foi his share 300, placed them in French-Canadian families, and helped to provide for their maintenance and education out of his slender means. Few of these failed to respond to his zeal; many graced the Church and society by their brilliant qualities and virtuous lives. He kept

a register of his 300 orphans, in which were inscribed the chief events of their careers, and he was always ready by word, by letter, or by a gift, tD reform the wayward, comfort and relieve the stricken and the afflicted. The Abbe Cazeau was appointed a Do- mestic Prelate by Pius IX in 1875.

Maguire, The Irish in America (New York. 1868); Taylor, Portraits of British Americans (Montreal, 1865).

Lionel Lindsay.

Ceadda, Saint, commonly known as St. Chad, Abbot of Lastingham, Bishop successively of York and Lichfield, England, date of birth uncertain; d. 672. He is often confounded with his brother, St. Cedd, also Abbot of Lastingham, and Bishop of the East Saxons. He had two other brothers, Cynibill and Caelin, who also became priests. Probably North- umbrian by birth, he was educated at Lindisfarne under St. Aidan, but afterwards went to Ireland, where he studied with St. Ecgberht in the monastery of Rathmelsige (Melfont). Thence he returned to help his brother St. Cedd to establish the monastery of Laestingseu, now Lastingham in Yorkshire. On his brother's death in 664, he succeeded him as abbot. Shortly afterwards St. Wilfrid, who had been chosen to succeed Tudi, Bishop of Lindisfarne, went to Gaul for consecration, and remained so long absent that King Oswiu determined to wait no longer, and procured the election of Chad as Bishop of York, to which place the Bishopric of Lindisfarne had been transferred. As Canterbury was vacant, he was consecrated by Wini of Worcester, assisted by two British bishops. As bishop he visited his diocese on foot, and laboured in an apostolic spirit until the arrival of St. Theodore, the newly elected Archbishop of Canterbury, who was making a general visitation. St. Theodore decided that St. Chad must give up the diocese to St. Wilfrid, who had now returned. When he further intimated that St. Chad's episcopal con- secration had not been rightly performed, the Saint replied, "If you decide that I have not rightly re- ceived the episcopal character, I willingly lay down the office; for I have never thought myself worthy of it; but under obedience, I, though unworthy, con- sented to undertake it". St. Theodore, however, desired him not to relinquish the episcopate, and himself supplied what was lacking ("ipse ordina- tionem ejus denuo catholiea ratione consummavit " (Bede, Hist, eccl., IV, 2). Ceadda then returned to Lastingham, where he remained till St. Theodore called him in 669 to become Bishop of t he Mercians. He built a church and monastery at Lichfield, where he dwelt with seven or eight monks, devoting to prayer and study the time he could spare from his work as bishop. He received warning of his death in a vision. His shrine, which was honoured by miracles, was removed in the twelfth century to the cathedra! at Lichfield, dedicated to Our Lady and the Saint himself. At the Reformation his relics were rescued from profanation by Catholics, and they now lie in the Catholic cathedral at Birmingham, which is dedicated to him. His festival is kept on the 2nd of March. All accounts of his life are based on that given bv Venerable Bede, who had been instructed in hoiy Scripture by Trumberct, one of St. Chad's monks and disciples.

Yk\\ Bf.de. Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum, III, 28: IV, 2 and 3, practically the only source of information, and followed by subsequent writers, such as William or Malmes- bury. Gesta Pontificum (Rolls Series. London, 1870), III. and Capgrave, Nova Legenda Analnr (1516, latest edition <>\f<ird. 1901). Bede's account is printed with Introduction and Xotes bv the Bollandists in Acta Sanctorum, 2 March, VII. 1-13, sqq. See also Colgan, Acta SS Scotia scu Hibemia (1645), I. I It— 7. Accounts in English, all based on BEDE, are: Challoner. Britannia Sancla (London, L745), 1, 117; Hitler, / the Saints, 2 March (London, 1756): Hole, in Diet, of Christ. Biog. s. v.; Stephens, in Diet. Nat. Hon,. (London, 1887), IX, s. v. There are a few allusions in Hakode's contemporary Life of St. Wilfrid. The account civen by Trithemius. De viris illustribus mdinis S. Beaedieti, VII. is untrustworthy and er- roneous. For the history' °f the relics, see History of St. Chad's