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CATTARO

Miss Ruth C. Dana, Boston; the Most Rev. John Hen- nessy, Archbishop of Dubuque; Rev. E. W. J. Linde- smith, Rootstown, Ohio; Rev. James Brennan, Erie, Pennsylvania; Timothy Riordan, Baltimore; Ed- ward Johnson, Milwaukee; the Right Rev. T. M. Burke, Bishop of Albany, New York; Rev. P. J. Murphy, Oliphant, Pennsylvania; the Right Rev. Mgr. D. W. Murphy, Dover, New Hampshire; the Right Rev. Mgr. J. M. Mackey, Cincinnati.

The university lias also received donations and bequests from Albert P. Ryan. Norfolk. Virginia; Michael Cudahy, Chicago, Illinois; Miss Lina Cald- well. Newport, Rhode Island; Miss Rebecca Reyburn, Baltimore, Maryland; Miles P. O'Connor, San Jose, California; Mrs. A. R. Reynolds. Philadelphia; David T. Leahy, Brooklyn, New York ; Messrs. Leopold Huffer and Sons, Paris, France; O. Andrews, Baltimore, Maryland; Miss Eliza P. Blight, Philadelphia, Penn- sylvania; Sylvester Johnson, Louisville, Kentucky; Rev. J. Lambert, Laconia, New Hampshire; Gen. John Lawlor, Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin; John Mc- Caffrey, Albany, New York; Miss M. Moran, Bal- timore; M. Murphy, Chicago, Illinois; J. F. Sinnott, Philadelphia; Mrs.Staley, Baltimore; J. Walsh, Balti- more; Rev. J. J. Doherty, Hernsdale, Pennsylvania; J. P. Morgan, C. A. Hoyt and A. Dougherty, New York. Numerous subscriptions were also made to the Di- vinity. University Chapel, and Guarantee Funds, as also to the Archbishop Kenrick Chair and the Arch- bishop Williams Chair.

In 1896, Bishop Keane was succeeded in the rec- torship by Rev. Thomas J. Conaty of Worcester, Massachusetts, who became (1903) Bishop of Los Angeles. His successor was the Right Rev. Denis J. O'Connell, appointed (1907) Bishop of Sebaste. His prudent administration and the generous response of the Catholic people in the collection which Pius X di- rected to be taken up annually in each diocese enabled the university to overcome the financial difficulties which it encountered in 1904.

Since its foundation the university has gradually become a centre of learning for the laity, the diocesan clergy, and the religious orders. The institutions grouped about it, with the dates of establishment, are as follows: St. Thomas College (Paulist Fathers), 18S9; Marist College (Marists), 1891; Holy Cross College (Congregation of the Holy Cross), 1895; Col- lege of the Holy Land (Franciscans), 1S97; St. Aus- tin's College (Sulpicians), 1901; The Apostolic Mission House (Catholic Missionary Union), 1902; College of the Immaculate Conception (Dominicans), 1903. These colleges are the novitiates and houses of study of the several communities; their advanced students pursue courses in the University. Other affiliated institutions, outside the city of Washington, are the St. Paul Seminary, St. Paul, Minnesota, and the Institute of Scientific Study, New York. In compliance with the express desire of the Holy See the university has contributed toward the improvement and co-ordina- tion of the Catholic schools in the United States and has taken an active pari in the organization and pro- ceedings of the Catholic Educational Association es- i iblished for the purpose of unifying and furthering educational work. Though as yet but partially de- veloped and inadequately endowed, H has exerted a

1 1 iii iv influence by encouraging research, maintain- ing a high standard of scholarship, and impressing upon the minds of the Catholics throughout the ., the need of providing university education under Catholic auspices.

BXRBERMANK, in ;lm. Cath. Quart. Renew (Philadelphia.

1889 . Hbwitt, in The Catholic World (New York), XI. II. 85;

B. ibid. XLVII, 577: XXIX, 427; Maas. in Amer. Bed.

i,,, [903. McFoun, in Veto Ireland Renew (Jan.,

1908 . / Cod (New York, 1905), gives a

lbliography, p. :S17.

E. A. Pace.

Catholic University of Ireland. See Ireland.

Catholic Young Men's National Union. See Young Men's National Union, Catholic.

Catrou, Francois, French historian, b. at Paris, 28 December, 1659; d. there 12 October, 1737. He was the son of Mathurin Catrou, secretary to Louis XIV. During his college days a marked facility and grace in composition gave promise of his future literary success. At eighteen he entered the Society of Jesus. During his regular period of Jesuit proba- tion and study his talents for preaching were dis- covered, and at the completion of his course in 1690 he began his active career as a preacher, in which office he continued for ten years with remarkable success. In 1701 he founded the "Journal de Trevoux", and was an active member of its staff for twelve years. While thus engaged in journalistic duties he found time for historical research, and to his productions in this line his fame is chiefly due. His principal works are: (1) "Histoire generale de l'empire du Mogul", published in five duodecimo volumes, 1715, the matter being drawn, in the main, from the memoirs of the Venetian traveller Manuzio (translated into Italian as "Istoria generale del Imperio del Mogul" by Domenico Occhi, Venice, 1751, and into English as "History of the Mogul Dynasty", London, 1826). — (2) * "Histoire du fanatisme dans la religion protestante", a contro- versial work dealing principally' with the Anabap- tists and the Quakers; the best edition, 1740, in two duodecimo volumes, Paris. — (3) "Histoire romaine", with geographical and critical notes in twenty-one quarto volumes (1725-37), edited a second time in 1737. — The notes are from the pen of P. Rouill6, S. J. This gigantic work was translated into Italian by Fra Zannino Marsecco, Venice, 1730-37, and into English by R. Bundy, as "The Roman History with Notes, done into English from the Original French of the Rev. Fathers Catrou and Rouille", London, 1728-37, in six folio volumes. The French work was highly praised at the time for its deep research and solid reasoning, but its somewhat pompous style soon brought severe censure from the critics. Its appearance in an English dress gave occasion to some very bitter attacks; but, though censured, this work was the source of Nathaniel Hooke's inspiration. In his "Roman History" he drew freely from the text of Catrou and more* freely from the critical notes of Rouille.— (4) "Traduction de Virgile", with critical and historical notes. The translation is at all times free and not infrequently inaccurate. The notes and the accompanying life of Virgil manifest a thorough acquaintance with both poem and poet. Catron's Virgil was a constant companion of the historian Gibbon during his early studies. " I always consulted the most learned and ingenious com- mentators", he writes in his autobiography; 'Tor- rent ius and Dacier on Horace, and Catrou and Servius on Virgil".

Sommervogel, Bibl. de la c. de J.. II, 882-89

Dennis J. Kavanagh.

Cattaro (Catharum), Diocese of (Catarensis), suffragan of Zara. Cattaro, the principal town in one of the four divisions of Dalmatia, is situated at the foot of steep limestone rocks, on one of the small bays of the Adriatic, and nearly surrounded by mountains. The Gulf of Cattaro, itself a natural port, is divided into four smaller bays called Bocche di Cattaro, one cf the meet pioturesque sitsa in lur p: I lh. in- dents called the town Ascririum. ami its gull Rhizonicus. Early in the Christian Era Ascrivium became a Roman colony; it was destroyed aboul 860 by the Saracens, but was rebuilt by the inhabitants of the town of Cattaro, who had been driven from home by the Hungarians. In the twelfth century, Cat-