Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 3.djvu/469

 CASTILLEJO

413

CASTILLEJO

Castile, to Ferdinand, the heir of John II of Aragon, finally united these kingdoms and formed the begin- ning of the Spanish monarchy.

The linguistic unity of Castile and Aragon is a very notable fact, because although Aragon and Cata- lonia, united since the twelfth century (1137), pos- sess two very different languages, Castile and Aragon, although they had an entirely independent historical development until the sixteenth century, have the same language with the exception of some minor dia- lectical differences. After the union the political in- dividuality of Aragon was lost in that of Castile, and in the time of Philip II, on account of the Antonio P6rez incident, the ancient kingdom lost part of its fueros, or political liberties. In the War of Succes- sion it sided with the Archduke Charles, and the vic- tor)' of Philip V served still more to increase its de- pendence.

Civil and Ecclesiastical Divisions. — It is dif- ficult, on account of the different epochs in which they were formed and the different principles which gov- erned them, to give an exact idea of the relations be- tween the civil and ecclesiastical divisions of Castile and Aragon.

The Judiciary Divisions consist of the five district courts of (1) Burgos, (2) Valladolid, (3) Madrid, (4) Albacete-Murcia, and (5) Saragossa, which are sub- divided as follows: (1) Provinces of Burgos, San- tander, Logrono, and Soria; (2) Valladolid and Pal- encia; (3) Madrid, Avila, Guadalajara, Segovia, and Toledo; (4) Ciudad Real and Cuenca; (5) Saragossa, Huesca, and Teruel. The Burgos district comprises thirty-seven Courts of First Instance and as many Property Registries; that of Valladolid, seventeen of each; that of Madrid, forty-nine Courts of First In- stance and forty-two Property Registries; Albacete- Murcia, eighteen Courts of First Instance and the same number of Property Registries; Saragossa, twenty-one Courts of First Instance and thirty Prop- erty Registries.

For Military Pur/mses there are four districts, sub- divided into sixteen provinces, as follows: Old Castile, subdivided into the provinces of Avila, Palencia, and Valladolid; Burgos, with the provinces of Burgos, Logrono, Soria, and Santander; New Castile, with the provinces of Madrid, Segovia, Toledo, Cuenca, Ciu- dad Real, and Guadalajara; Aragon, with Saragossa, Huesca, and Teruel.

Education. — For university and secondary instruc- tion the four districts are: Old Castile, with the Uni- versity of Valladolid and four centres of secondary instruction at Valladolid, Burgos, Palencia, and Santander; New Castile, with the University of Madrid, and centres of secondary instruction at Madrid (S. Isidro and Cisneros), Ciudad Heal, Guada- lajara, Segovia, Toledo, and Cuenca; Aragon, with the University of Saragossa, and centres of secondary instruction at Saragossa, Huesca, Teruel, Logrono, and Soria; Leon, with the University of Salamanca and a cent re of secondary instruction at Avila. Primary instruction is under the care of one first- • - 1 - » — "■ /"> "•" at Madrid, the four second-class in- I Valladolid, Burgos, Toledo, and Sara- gossa, and the eleven third-class inspecciones of Avila, Ciudad Real, Cuenca, Logrono, Guadalajara, Palencia. Santander, Segovia, Soria, Huesca, and Teruel.

Ecclesia Heal Divisions. — This is in many respects not in conformity with the civil, and still subject to the changes made by the Concordat of 1851, which suppressed some sees and transferred others. In Old Castile there are the two Archdioceses of Burgos and Valladolid. the former of which has for its suffragan dioceses Palencia, Santander, Calahorra (Logrono), and Osma (Soria), while the latter has Avila and Segovia. In New Castile the Archdiocese of Toledo bag t he four suffragan dioceses of Madrid-Alcala,

Cuenca, Sigiienza (Guadalajara), and Ciudad Real. In Aragon the Archdiocese of Saragossa has for its suffragans Jaca, Huesca, Tarazona, Barbastro, and Teruel. The statistics of all these dioceses are given in the following table: —

Religious

Diocese

Date of Erection

Dean-

Par- ishes

Communities

Men

Women

Burgos

9SS; metropolitan in time of Alfon-

so VI

47

1220

S

40

Palencia

3rd century

24

345

9

38

Santander

4th century

26

425

6

9

Calahorra

Apostolic origin (?)

47

266

9

28

Osma

Apostolic origin, re- stored llthcentu-

ry

28

349

5

13

Valladolid

1595, metropolitan

since 1859

9

93

37

Segovia

In the time of the Goths, restored by

Alfonso VI

15

276

3

26

Toledo

Apostolic origin, metropolitan

since 5th centur\

20

442

58

Madrid-

Alcala

1851, Bull of 1885

18

232

11

22

Cuenca

1179

12

326

1

27

Sigiienza

Restored by Alfon-

so VIII

18

350

1

15

Ciudad

Real

1876

11

88

6

30

Saragossa

Apostolic origin, re- stored 1117, me- tropolitan since

1138

15

370

12

71

Jaca

As a diocese 1575

8

70

Huesca

Apostolic, restored

10St>

9

167

1

16

Tarazona

In the time of the Goths, restored in

1115

9

138

6

36

Barbastro

Pedro I, 1094. 1104

10

154

4

9

Teruel

Philip II, 1577

5

96

1

8

Religious Instruction. — There are seminaries in all the dioceses, and besides a number of colleges for youths intended for the priesthood (cokgios de voca- ciones eclesidsticas). There are also numerous col- leges under the direction of the Society of Jesus, the Piarists, the Marists, the Brothers of the Christian Schools, and the Salesians. The statistics of these independent schools have never been published.

Charitable Institutions. — Although charitable work is carried on extensively throughout Spain, especially by the religious orders, both of men and women, which devote themselves exclusively to such work, it is difficult to give exact figures, as some are tinder gov- ernment control, while others are purely religious, and the statistics are very incomplete. Thus, official statistics, which place the total number of instil ut ions at 356, give to Saragossa only two charitable institu- tions, whereas the "Anuario Eclesiastico " makes the number twenty-eight.

Historia general ■!>• Esp&fla, por indivtduoa de In Real AcacV emm lit- la HiMoria. bajo la dirrccmn ,t, Don \

,1,1 fasltlla; CoLMF.IRu. /.' '

rlr. (Madrid. 1S91); CatiiJM v tlllim, I

(Madrid. 1891); Mariana. Historic General •!, I Lafukntk, Hiatoria General de Espafla,

ca de Espaiia. l> del Institute geo

V rxtadtxtiru I.Madrid, 1888 — ); An

Madrid. l'.IOt. last cd I See also CHEVALIER,

BM. (Paris, 1894-99), 194 for bibliography <>f Aragon, ami 604-5 for that of Castile.

Ramon R.TJIZ Amado.

Castillejo, Cristobal DE, Spanish poet, b. in Ciudad Rodrigo (Salamanca), 1191; d. in Vienna, 12 June, 1550. From the age of fifteen he was attached to the person of the younger brother of the Emperor Charles V, the Infante Ferdinand, who subsequently became King of Bohemia and Hungary, and eventu- ally Emperor of Germany. He lived for many years