Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 3.djvu/46

 BRUTE

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BRUYAS

and 27 other institutions for the care of the sick and needy.

University op Brussels, known as the Univer- silc libre (Free University), was founded in 1834 by the Belgian Liberals as a rival of the Catholic Uni- versity of Louvain. It occupies the former palace of Cardinal Granvelle. In 1904 it numbered 1054 students. It has faculties of philosophy, the exact sciences, jurisprudence, and medicine. The last fac- ulty, located in the picturesque Pare Leopold, pos- sesses there a Physiological Institute founded in 1895, an Institute of Hygiene, Bacteriology, and Therapeu- tics, an Institute of Anatomy founded 1896-97, and a Commercial Institute (1904). Close by is the val- uable Musee d'Histoire Naturelle; connected with it is the Ecole Polytechnique (1873) or school of applied sciences, with six departments: mining, metallurgy, practical chemistry, civil and mechanical engineer- ing, and architecture. Similarly related to the uni- versity are the School of Political and Social Sciences and the School of Commerce founded by Ernest Sol- vay; also the Institute Solvay (Physiology, 1894; Sociology, 1901). Since 1901 several universities for the people have been founded in the faubourgs. There are in addition the important museums of Brussels, military, ethnographic, commercial, peda- gogic, natural history, decorative arts, communal, Wiertz (at Ixelles), etc. The Palais des Beaux Arts houses a unique and valuable gallery of Old Flemish Masters. The Bibliotheque Royale contains a col- lection of some 500,000 volumes, and has also in- herited the famous Bibliotheque de Bourgogne, (27,000 manuscripts) founded by Philippe le Bon, Duke of Bin-gundy (1419-67) and one of the largest and most important collections of its kind in Europe (De la Serna, Mem. hist, sur la bibliotheque dite de Bourgogne, Brussels, 1809; Namur, Hist, des biblio- theques publiques de Bruxelles, ibid., 1840).

Among the learned bodies of Brussels are the Aca- demie Royale des Sciences (1772), Academie de Me- decine (1S41 ), Academie des Beaux Arts, with a school, the Soci^te Scientifique (1876), an important and unique International Institute of Bibliography (1S95). In 1905 the Conservatory of Music (1S99) numbered 1229 pupils. The Jesuit College of Saint-Michel at Brussels is the actual seat of the famous publication known as the "Acta Sanctorum" (see Bollandists), and here are now kept the library and the archives of this enterprise, originally begun and long conducted at Antwerp.

Henne and Wauters, Histoire de Bruxelles ( Brussels, 1S45); Wauters, Bruxelles et ses environs (ibid, 1852-56); Pirienne, Histoire de la Helgique (Brussels, 1907); < liu i \ t-Smith, The Story 0/ Brussels. ERNEST GiLLIAT-SMITH.

Brute de Remur, Simon William Gabriel, first Bishop of Vincennes, Indiana, U. S. A. (now Indian- apolis), b. at Rennes, France, 20 March, I77!»; d. at Vincennes, 26 June, 1839. His father was Simon- Guillaume-Gabriel Brut£ de Remur, of an ancient and respectable family, and Superintendent of the Royal Domains in Brittany; and his mother, Jeanne-Renee Le Saulnier de Vauhelle Vatar, widow of Francis Vatar, printer to the King and Parliament at Rennes. Young Brut6 had attended the schools of his native city several years when the Revolution interrupted his studies. He then learned and practised the busi- ness of a compositor in the printing establishment of his mother, where she placed him to avoid his enrol- ment in a regiment of children who took pari in the fusilades of the Reign of Terror. This did not prevent his witnessing many horrible and exciting scenes, and in his diary he mentions having been present at the trial and precipitate execution of 'priests and nobles in the cause of their religion. He frequented the prisons and made friends of the guards, who ad- mitted him to the cells, where he received and de- livered letters for the clergy incarcerated there.

Bishop Brute de Remur

More than once he bore in his bosom to these suffer- ing heroes the Blessed Sacrament.

In 1796 Brut6 began the study of medicine, and in spite of the avowed infidelity then prevalent in the schools, he remained proof against sophistry and ridicule. He was graduated in 1803, but did not practise medicine, as he immediately entered upon his ecclesiastical stud- ies, which he pur- sued for four years at the Seminary of Saint-Sulpice, Paris. Ordained priest on the 11th of June, 1S08, he joined the Society o f Saint-Sulpice and, after teaching theology for two years, he sailed for the United States with Bish- op-elect Flaget (1810). At. St. Mary's Seminary, Baltimore, he taught philosophy for two years and then was sent for a short time to the Eastern Shore of Maryland. He was transferred thence to Mt. St. Mary's, Era- mitsburg, where he taught and at the same time performed the duties of pastor for the Catholics of that vicinity with such devotion that he became known as the "Angel of the Mount". During this period he became the spiritual director of Mother Seton, foundress of the Sisters of Charity in the United States, with whom he maintained a lifelong friendship.

In 1S15 he was appointed President of St. Mary's College, Baltimore, but after three years (1818) he returned to Emmitsburg. In 1826, Mt. St. Mary's College being no longer dependent upon the Fathers of Saint-Sulpice, its founders. Father Brut6 ceased to belong to that society, but continued his duties at the "Mountain" until 1834, when he was appointed to the newly created See of Vincennes. He was consecrated in St. Louis, October the 28th, 1834, by the Right Rev. Benedict .1. Flaget, Bishops Rosati and Purcell assisting. After travelling over his vast diocese, comprising the whole State of In- diana and eastern Illinois, Bishop Brute visited France, where he secured priests and funds for the erection of churches and schools in his needy diocese.

Bishop Brute left no published work except some ephemeral contributions, which, over the pseudonym "Vincennes", appeared in various journals, notably the Cincinnati " Catholic Telegraph". It is to be re- gretted that he did not write an autobiography, for which his Memoranda, Notes, and Diary seem a prep- aration. They teem with interest, and show him to have been the friend of famous men in France. Con- spicuous among the number was de Lamennais, whom he tried to reconcile with the Church both by his letters from this country, as well as by conferring with him personally during one of his visits to France, but without success,

Baylei Memoirs of Bishop Brute (New York. 1S65):

U inn I I. W...} rV r,,th,-hr ihureh in the Diocest '

(Indianapolis, ISSN), 124; Brute hi Remur, Vis de M,/r. ■ i mm a Etennes, 1NS7). Micb u:l F. Dinnekn.

Bruyas, Jacques, b. at Lyons, France, 13 July, 1635; d. at Sault St. Louis, Canada, 15 June, 1712.