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 CASSANDER

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CASSERLY

ciety of Jesus in Canada. He was an humble and devout religious who " deprived himself of the very necessaries of life, in order that he might expend the whole of whatever property he had received from his deceased brethren in promoting and multiplying as widely as he could different works of zeal and char- ity" (English Menology, S. J.)- Upon his decease, the property of the Jesuits in Canada passed into the possession of the British Crown. His portrait forms the frontispiece of Thwaites' "Jesuit Relations" (Cleveland, 1896-1901), LXXI, 125.

Rochemontkix. Lea Jisuitea et la Xouvelle-France an XVIII' sucle (Paris. 1906), II, 236; Menology of the Enq. Assistancy ( Kuehumpton, 1902), I, 127; Le« Ursutines de Quebec (Quebec. 1804-00), III, 347.

Edward P. Spillane.

Cassander, George, a Flemish Humanist and theologian, b. 15 August, 1513, at Pitthem in West Flanders; d. 3 February, 1566, at Cologne. He stud- ied at Louvain, where he was graduated in 1533. In 1541 he was appointed professor of belles-lettres at Bruges, but resigned two years later, partly from a natural desire to travel for instruction, and partly in consequence of the opposition aroused by his pro- Reformation views. On his journeys, which were undertaken in the company, and at the expense of his friend, Cornelius Wouters, he visited Rome, and in 1544 came to Cologne, where he settled permanently in the summer of 1549. He soon abandoned the classics for the study of the Bible and ecclesiastical questions, and had already published several classi- cal, Biblical, and patristic treatises, when in 1556 he commenced a series of liturgical works. His " Hymni Ecclesiastici" (1556) were followed in 155S by the " Liturgica de ritu et ordine Dominica? ccena: cele- brand;e". Both publications were placed on the In- dex. Asa completion of the "Liturgica", his "Ordo Romanus" appeared (1558); and in 1560 the " Preces Ecclesiastic:!- " were published. Cassander's activity in. promoting religious peace between Catholics and Protestants began with the publication of his anony- mous book: " De officio pii viri in hoc religionis dissi- dio" (1561). This work, written at the request of the jurist, Francis Baldwin, and submitted by him to the Colloquy of Poissy (Sept., 1561), gave offence to both sides. Calvin wrote a violent answer, in which he unjustly berated Francis Baldwin as the author of the publication. On the Catholic side, William Lin- danus, afterwards Bishop of Roermonde, remon- strated with Cassander by letter, and would have at- tacked him publicly had it not been for the interven- tion of a secretary of the King of Spain.

At the request of William, Duke of Cleves, Cassan- der wrote in 1563 a treatise against the Anabaptists: "De Baptismo Infant ium". It was supplemented in 1565 by " De Baptismo Infantium: Pars Altera". The treatise, " De sacra communione Christian] populi in utraque panis et vini specie" (Cologne, 1564), a plea in favour of the reception of communion under both species by the laity, attracted the attention of the Emperor Ferdinand I, who was himself a partisan of the idea. The latter, wishing to use the author as peacemaker between Catholics and Protestants, in- vited him to Vienna. Cassander, prevented by ill- ness from acting upon the invitation, wrote his "Con- sultatio de articulis Religionis inter Catholicos et Protestantes controversis", which he addressed to Maximilian II (1564), as Ferdinand I had died before its completion. This work, however, failed to satisfy either side. It is most probable, though not univer- sally admitted, t hat < lassander died in full submission to the Catholic Church. He certainly always wished to remain a faithful member of the Church; but it is equally certain that some of his opinions were Prot- estant to the core. He advocated, for example, the division of ecclesiastical doctrines into fundamental and non-fundamental articles, the supremacy of

private judgment, arid the human origin of the papal primacy. An incomplete collection of his works was issued at Paris in 1616, and placed on the Index the following year.

1M SfHREVFL, Hist, rln simin. de Bruges (BruRea, 1883-95), I, 263-65. 387-609; Fritzen, De fassnmln ejmqite soeiorum studios irenicis (Munster, 1S65); Pastor in Kirchenlel., s. v.

N. A. Weber.

Cassani (also Casani), Joseph, b. at Madrid, 26 March, 1673, entered the Society of Jesus, 16 Nov., 1686, was still in active exercise of priestly functions in 1745, and d. in 1750. He was one of the founders of the Academia de la Lengua espaOola at Madrid, and published there a " Diccionario de la Lengua Castel- lana" in 1726-1730, in six volumes. He was a very prolific writer. Among his works may be noted: "Admirable vida, singulares virtudes etc. del extatico Varon P: Dionisio Rickel" (Madrid, 1738); "Varones ilustres de la Compania de Jesus"; " Escuela militar de fortificacion"; "Tratado de la nat.uraleza y orfgen de los cometas" (Madrid, 1737). He was a member of the Academia from 6 July, 1713. Although he never visited America, he appeals particularly to Americans through his "Historia de la Provincia de la Compania de Jesus del Nuevo Reyno de Granada en la America" (Madrid, 1741), the only regular chronicle of the Jesuit Order in Colombia thus far ex- tant. The fact that Cassani was never in the New World detracts somewhat from the usefulness of this otherwise valuable history, as far as ethnologic and ethnographic data are concerned; otherwise it is a conscientious and earnest work, giving interesting data, chiefly of the missions in the upper Orinoco basin. The work is exceedingly rare.

Sommervogel-de Bath eh. Bibl. lies leiie. de la c. de J.; Diceionario hispano-amiriciino; Salva, CnO'ilogo de In Bib- lioteca de Solvit (Valencia, 1874); Acosr\, ( Ymoi. ndio hist, del Descub. y Coloniz., de la Nneea (Iranada (Paris, 1848); Brinton, The American Race (New York, 1891).

Ad. F. Bandelier.

Cassano all' Ionio, Diocese of (Cassanensis), suffragan of Reggio. Cassano all' Ionio is a city of Calabria, province of Cosenza, situated in a fertile region in the concave recess of a steep mountain. It was already known in Caesar's time as Cassanvm. It is not known when it became an episcopal see; in 1059 mention is made of a bishop of Cassano, other- wise unknown. In 1096 we read of a bishop known as Saxo (Sassone). Other bishops worthy of men- tion are: Antonello dei Gesualdi (1418), learned in canon and civil law; Belforte Spinelli (1432), who while yet a layman assisted at the Council of Con- stance, under Martin Y was sent on important mis- sions, and later renounced the world and retired to Venice, leaving his rich library to the Collegio Spinelli of Padua: Cristoforo Giacoazzi (1523), later Cardinal, called to Rome by Paul III on account of his skill in ecclesiastical affairs; Giovanni Angelo Medici (1553), afterwards Pius IV: the Englishman, Audoeno Ludo- vico Cambrone (1588). who was sentby Pope Gregory XIII on different missions, and never resided in Cassano; the Franciscan. Deodato de Arze (1614); tin- two Theatines, Paolo Palombo (1617) and Gre- gorio Caraffa (1648); the Augustinians, Luigi Bal- maseda (1670) and Vmcente de Magistris (1671). The diocese has a population of 130,000, with 46 parishes, 200 churches and chapels, 253 secular and 10 regular priests, 2 religious houses of men and 3 of women.

Cappelletti, Le chiese d'ltalia (Venice, 1844). XXI, 238; Ann. eccl. (Rome, 1907), 376. U. BenignI.

Casserly, Patrick S., educator, b. in Ireland; d. in New York, where for many years he conducted a classical school. He was also associate editor of the "New York Weekly Register". He translated the "Sublime and Beautiful" of Longinus, and "Of the Little Garden of Roses and Valley of Lilies" of Thom-