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CASANATA

thirteenth century. The bishopric was maintained in 1833, but under the district name of Carystia, its titular residing at Kyme. In 1900 it was united to Chalcis (Euripos), the capital of the island. As to the Latin see, we read that Innocent III assigned it with other suffragans to the Archbishopric of Athens. In the "Gerarchia Cattolica" (1907, 244) it is as- signed to its original metropolis, Corinth. No residen- tial bishop is known. Lequien (III, 857) mentions an obviously titular bishop of 1718. Carystus is to-day a village" of about 2000 inhabitants on the southern coast of Eubcea..

Hopf, On the History of Carystus from !?»- '° !W ' '." ■)'{- zungsb. Akarlem. Wissensch. (Vienna, 1853). XI, 555-606, Smii h Diet of Greek and Roman Geogr. (London, 1878), I, 555.

S. Petrides.

Casalanzio, Jose. Saint. See Joseph Calasanc- tids, Saint.

Casale Monferrato, Diocese of (Casalensis), a suffragan of Vercelli. Casale Monferrato, the ancient Bodincomagus, is a city in the province of Alessandria, Piedmont (Italy), on the River Po, and has been a stronghold since the time of the Lombards. King Liutprand enlarged it, and Emperor Otto II made it the chief town of a marquisate, giving it to the sons of Aleran, Duke of Saxony; later it was inherited by Emperor Michael VIII, Pala?ologus, who sent thither his son Theodore. In 1533, the dynasty of the Pa- la'ologi being extinct, Charles V gave it to the Gonzaga. From~1681 to 1706 it was in the hands of the French, from whom, in 1713, it passed to the House of Savoy. Casale was created a see in 1474 by Sixtus IV; previ- ously it belonged to the Diocese of Asti. Its first bishop was Bernardino de ' Tebaldeschi ; his successor was Gian Giorgio Paleologo (1517), who also governed the mar- quisate for his nephew, a minor. Among its note- worthy bishops were: the Dominican Benedetto Erba (1570), most zealous for the Christian instruction of children and the introduction of the Tridentine re- forms, in which good work he was associated with St. Charles Borromeo; he was also the founder of the monti di pietfi; Giulio Careta (1614), who imitated other con- temporary bishops and founded an oratory for priests, and when the pest was ravaging Casale (1630) himself nursed the sick; Scipione Pasquali (1645), author of a history of the campaign of Charles Emmanuel of Savoy against Montferrat. Among the churches of Casale are the cathedral, one of the finest monuments of Lombard architecture, and that of St. Hilary (Ilario). The diocese has a population of 200,500, with 140 parishes, 562 churches and chapels, 322 secular and 86 regular priests, 8 religious houses of men and 8 of

1S44\ XIV, 563;

IT. Benigni.

Casali, Giovanni Battista, musician, b. at Rome in 1715; d. there 1792. From 1759 until his death In- held tin' position of choir-master in the church of St. John Lateran. Of his numerous compositions a mass in <• major and several motels (Confitebor tibi, Ave Maria, Exaltabo, [mproperium) have been reprinted in Lueck's "Collection" (Katisbon, 1859). These compositions, while liturgical in spirit and form, show a considerable departure from the great period of the Roman School in a live use of the dis- sonance, and they also bear witness to the influence o) ill.' opera in which form Casali also wrote. Most of his works are preserved in the library of AM. atr Santini in Rome. Casali was one of the last of that period to write for voices " riijK-lln.

Kornmi l.I.KH, A'irc/if nmnsththsches Ltxikon; Mendel, i nkon.

Joseph Otten.

Casanare, Vicaju \tk Ajostolic of, in the Repub- lic of Colombia. South \merica, administered by the

women.

CappelLETTI, he chiese a" Italia (Ven Ann. eccl. (Rome, 1907), 324.

Augustinians, subject to the Congregation of Extraor- dinary Ecclesiastical Affairs. The city of Casanare, situated on the river of the same name, was formerly a part of the Diocese of Tunja (Archdiocese of Bogota). The vicariate was created in 1893, though efforts were made in this direction as early as 1884. Its territory forms an immense triangle bounded on the north-east by the Meta, on the north-west by Venezuela, on the west by the Andes. The conterminous dioceses are Bogota, Tunja, and Pamplona. The population in 1893 was about 110,000 souls, ministered to by 10 priests. The territory of the vicariate coincides with the political district (Intendeneia) of Casanare and takes its name from the Casanare River, an affluent of the Meta. The seat of the vicariate is at Tamara; other important places are Nunchia, Tame, Arauca, Orocue, Moreno, Trinidad, etc. Its first missionaries were Jesuits, who established there 126 reductions (see Paraguay). After their expulsion (1767) the original barbarism took the place of civilization and religion. The churches built by the first Jesuit mis- sionaries were large and well furnished; even to-day local merchants and private individuals exhibit can- dlesticks and other objects that once belonged to these abandoned and despoiled churches. At present (1907) there are about 30 missionaries in the territory and 3 convents of Sisters of Charity. The revolutions of 1895 and 1899 interfered seriously with the progress of the missions.

Gerarchia Cattolica (Rome, 1907), 327; Ann. Pont. Calh. (Paris, 1907), 341; Streit. Kathol. Missionsallas (Steyl, 1906), p. 27 and map 28.

U. Benigni.

Casanata (or Casanatta), Girolamo, Cardinal, b. at Naples, 13 July, 1620; d. at Rome, 3 March, 1700. His father, Tommaso Casanatta, was a member of the supreme council of the kingdom. Girolamo studied law at the university of his native town and practised in the courts for some time. Eventually he gave up the brilliant promises of a secular career and entered the service of the Church, in deference to the advice of Cardinal Pamphily whom he had met on a visit to Rome. When that cardinal became pope as Innocent X, Casanata was made private chamberlain and soon advanced rapidly in the ecclesiastical career, becom- ing in turn Governor of Sabina, Fabriano, Ancona. and Camerino. In the last-named city he became a close friend of its bishop, Emilio Altieri, afterwards Clement X. In 1658 Alexander VII sent him as in- quisitor to Malta, whence he was shortly recalled to Rome and made prelate of the "Consulta" and active member of the courts known as the "Scgnatura di Crazia" and the "Segnatura di Giustizia". He was ( '.>nsultor of the Congregation of Rites and of Prop- aganda, and governor of the conclave that chose the successor of Alexander VII: under Clement IX he was made assessor of the Holy Office (Congregation of the Inquisition). He was appointed secretary of the Congregation of Bishops and Regulars by ( 'lement X, and 13 June, 1673, was named Cardinal Deacon of the Title of Santa Maria in Portico, and later I 1686) Cardinal-Priest of the Title of San Silvcstro in ( lapite. In 1693 Innocent XII bestowed on him the office of Librarian of the Vatican (Bibliotecario di Santa Ro- mana Chiesa). On his death-bed he was assisted by two Dominicans, Father Cloche, the general of the order, and Father Massoulie. He was buried in St. John Lateran, though his heart was deposited in Santa Maria sopra Minerva, the church of the Do- minicans, to whom he was always warmly attached, and who looked on him as their benefactor. The many responsible offices held by Casanata are evidence of his uncommon wisdom and his extensive curia] ex- perience. In the conduct of these offices it was neces- sary thai he study profoundly the numerous and grave doctrinal, disciplinary, and political questions brought before the Holy Sec in the latter half of the