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 CARTAGENA

384

CARTHAGE

Rev. Dr. C. I. White. " The configuration of his head, his whole mien, bespoke the metropolite. ... He wrote them (Latin, Italian and French) not less readily and tersely than his own. He mingled often in gay society, relished the festivities of polished life, and the familiar intercourse of both clergy and laity of the Protestant denomination. He was wholly free from guile, uniformly frank, generous and placable; he reprobated all intolerance. ... He ranked and voted with the Federal party. He loved republicanism. His manners were mild, impressive and urbane."

A Baltimore paper of the day said of the burial: "We have never witnessed a funeral procession where so many of eminent respectability and standing among us followed the train of mourners. Distinc- tions of rank, of wealth, of religious opinion were laid aside in the great testimony of respect to the memory of the man." Another Baltimore paper said: "In him religion assumed its most attractive and amiable form, and his character conciliated for the body over which he presided, respect and consideration from the liberal, the enlightened of all ranks and denomina- tions; for they saw that his life accorded with the benign doctrines of that religion which he professed In controversy he was temperate yet compelling, con- siderate yet uncompromising.

Brent says he had " sound judgment, real piety and pre-eminent talents". "The discourses from the pul- pit, and the pastoral letters of Archbishop Carroll were alike distinguished for their unction and classical taste. His voice being naturally feeble, the exertions which he made to be distinctly heard from the pulpit rendered his elocution less agreeable there than in other situations requiring less force of lungs. His colloquial powers and resources were great and rich, and his kind and benignant feelings always prompted him to apply them to the best advantage. There was an irresistible charm and elegance indeed in his con- versations."

The archives of the Baltimore cathedral contain the original Brief making Father Carroll Superior of the .Missions in the United States, and erecting the See of Baltimore and appointing Bishop Carroll, copies of the Briefs raising Baltimore to an archiepis- copal see and conferring the pallium on Bishop Car- roll, also very many of his official and private letters, etc.

Brent, Biographical Sketch of the Mosl Bel). John Carroll (Baltimore, 1843); Campbell, Memoirs of the Life and Times of the Most Her. John Carroll in United States Catholic Maga- zine (1844-5); Idem. Desultory Sketches of the Catholic Church in Man/land in Religious Cabinet (1S42): White, Appendix to Darras, Ilistoni of the Catholic Church: Shea. Life and Times of the Mosl Rer. John Carroll (New York, 1888).

Louis O'Donovan.

Cartagena (Carthagena in Indus), Archdiocese of. — The city of the same name, residence of the arch- bishop, is situated on an island to the north of Tierra Bomba (Colombia). Heredia built and fortified it in 1533, and Philip II, King of Spain, in 1579, granted it the title of city; it is now the capital of the State of Bolivar. Pope Clement VII erected it into a bishop- ric in 1534, and Leo XIII raised it to metropolitan rank in 1900.

Its first bishop was the Dominican Tomas del Toro (1535). Other bishops were: Fra Antonio de Hervia (1590), who was the first professor at the University of Lima; Fra Juan de Labrada (1590), who rebuilt the cathedral; the Franciscan, Jose' Diaz de Lamadrid (1077), who built many churches and hospitals, and who gave to the cathedral a pulpit of marble, mo- saics, and a monstrance valued at ninety thousand dollars. Pedro Adan Brioschi was the first arch- bishop. The diocese contains 300,000 inhabitants; it has !)s parishes, two religious orders of men and two of women; it has also a university and a college di- rected by the Jesuits, a seminary, and various houses of educal ion for girls, directed by nuns.

Varicny in La grandr encyclopedic, IX, 612; Ann. ponl.

eath. (Paris, 1907). M. de Moreira.

Cartagena, Diocese of (Carthaginiensis), suffragan of Granada in Spain since the concordat of 1851, previously of Toledo. It includes practi- cally the provinces of Murcia and Albacete, with some towns in those of Alicante and Almeria. The bishop resides at Murcia, the civil capital of the province, which has a population of 111,539. Carta- gena was almost completely destroyed by the Van- dals in 425, and some writers, e. g. La Fuente, infer that it lost at that time its dignity of metropolitan see. On the other hand the decrees of the Second Council of Tarragona (516) are signed, among others.

by a Bishop of Cartagena named Hector. There is no evidence for the statement that St. Fulgentius. brother of St. Isidore of Seville, was Bishop of Carta- gena. The city was rebuilt by the Byzantines, and under them attained some measure of its former splendour. At the end of the sixth century Bishop Licinianus was known as author of several epistles on theological subjects, some of which have been pre- served (P. L., LXXII, 689-700). In 674 the Byzan- tines were expelled, and Cartagena ceased to be an episcopal see. Under Moorish rule there is a record of a Bishop of Cartagena named John (998). In 1247 the city was retaken from the Moors, and the see was restored. Its first bishop was a Franciscan, Fray Pedro Gallego, the confessor of King Alfonso X. In 1291 Nicholas IV transferred the residence of the bishop from Cartagena to Murcia. the former city being much exposed to piratical attacks. Among its best-known bishops have been Juan Martinez Siliceo (1540), tutor of Philip II, and later Archbishop of Toledo (1546), and Cardinal Luis Bellliga (1704), a great promoter of agriculture. The Catholic popula- tion of the diocese is 691,382; there are 132 principal parishes and 87 filial parishes, 620 priests, and 217 churches.

Florez, De la Provincia Carlaginense in Espaiia sagrada (Madrid, 1763), V, 64-157; La Ftjente, Hint ec. ca de Espana (Madrid. IS73 ::. . II. 30-42. 94-96. 140-45, 389-90, III. 383; VieKNTE Y Portillo, Biblioteca historica dc Cartagena (Madrid, 1889), I

Eduardo de Hinojosa.

Cartesianism. See Descartes.

Carthage, Saint, whose name is also given as Mochtjda, was born of a good family, in what is now County Kerry, Ireland, about the year 555. He spent his youth as a swineherd near Castlemaine, and became a monk in a neighbouring monastery under the guidance of St. Carthage the Elder, subsequently receiving priest's orders. In 580 lie determined to lead a hermit's life, and he built a cell at Kiltallagh, where his fame soon attracted pilgrims. After a few years the jealousy of two neighbouring bishops forced him to quit his hermitage, and lie proceeded on a visit tn Bangor, where he spent a year. On the advice of St. Comgall he returned to Kerry and founded churches at Kilcarragh and Kilfcighney. He then