Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 3.djvu/431

 CARRANZA

CARRENO

chismo cristiano) had appeared at Antwerp. A num- ber of views suspected of heresy were found in the book, and the Grand Inquisitor Valdes brought an action against the author. Besides this work on the catechism, Carranza's manuscripts, expressions he had employed in sermons, and letters found in his possession, among them one from Juan de Valdes, the heretic, were taken as evidence against him. Melchior Cano, the famous theologian, and Dominicus de Soto, both members of the same order as the archbishop, drew numerous propositions from the commentary which were open to ecclesiastical censure. A Brief of Paul IV, dated 7 January, 1559, had granted the Grand Inquisitor of Spain the power, for the space of two years, to investigate the conduct of all Spanish bishops; this measure was intended to counteract the threatening danger of the spread of Protestant doc- trine. With the permission, therefore, of King Philip II (2G June, 1558) the grand inquisitor had the arch- bishop arrested at Torrelaguna. 22 August, 1558, and brought a prisoner to Valladolid. Pope Pius IV made repeated requests to Philip II in the matter, and the Holy Father was urged several times, in the years 1562 and 1563, by the members of the Council of Trent, to bring the ease of the Archbishop of Toledo before his court. The Congregation of the Index also gave at the council a favourable testimony for Car- ranza in regard to his commentary.

Nevertheless the Spanish process pursued its tedious course. In 1.364, when the Inquisition had closed its investigation, the king expressed the wish to Pius IV that the matter lie decided in Spain by judges appointed by the pope. The pope agreed to this and named (13 July, 156.5) four judges who were to pronounce judg- ment in Spain. These judges were: Cardinal Ugo Buoncompagni, Ippolito Aldobrandini, Fel. Peretti, O S. F., and J. B. Castagna. Archbishop of Rossano; all four became popes later. However, after their ar- rival in Spain in November, 1565, they were not per- mitted to proceed independently of the officials of the Inquisition, and the process, therefore, reached no final settlement. At last, in 1567, owing to the per- emptory order of Pius V, the suit was brought before the Curia, the official documents were sent to Rome, and Carranza, who had been in prison eight years, was taken to Rome, where he arrived 28 May, 1567. The papal chambers in the Castle of Sant' Angelo were appointed to be his residence during the trial. Once more the case lasted a long time, being nine years before the Curia. It was n<>t until the reign of Greg- ory XIII that a final decision was reached, 14 April, 1576. Carranza was not found guilty of actual her- esy, but he was condemned to abjure sixteen Lu- theran propositions of which he had made himself sus- pected, was forbidden to enter on the government of his diocese for another five years, and was ordered during this period to live in the monastery of his order near the church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva, and there to perform certain religious exercises as pen- ance. Carranza died, however, in the same year, and was buried in the choir of the church just mentioned. Before this he had, on 23 April, visited the seven great churches and had celebrated Mass on the following day in the basilica of the Lateran. Previous to re- ceiving the last sacraments he touchingly declared that he had been all his life a true adherent of the Catholic Faith, that he had never voluntarily under- stood and held the condemned propositions in a heretical sense, and that he submitted entirely to the judgment pronounced upon him. lie had borne the imprisonment of nearly seventeen years with patience and resignation, and was universally venerated it Rome. Pope Gregory XIII gave permission for the placing over his grave of a monument bearing an in- scription in his honour.

Carranza's sorrowful fate was broucht about, largely, by the intense desire to keep all Protestant

influences out of Spain. At the same time it cannot be denied that expressions which he used and prop- ositions which he occasionally set forth would of themselves give rise to the suspicion of heretical opin- ions. At a later date the Congregation of the Index also condemned his commentary. This work, a stout folio, treated the doctrines of Christian faith and morals under four heads: faith, commandments, sac- raments, and good works. Besides the commentary, Carranza published a "Summa Conciliorum et Pon- tificum a Petro usque Paulum III" (Venice, 1546), often republished and enlarged by later editors. The "Summa" was prefaced by four dissertations: " Con- troversies quattuor, (1) Quanta sit auctoritas tradi- tionum in ecclesia: (2) Quanta Sacra? Scripture; (3) Quanta Romani Pontificis et Sedis apostolicse; (4) Quanta Conciliorum"; further, by the controversial treatise concerning episcopal resilience mentioned above, ami by an 'Introduction to the Hearing of the Mass" (Instruccion para oir messa). An edition was issued at Antwerp in 1555.

Navarrete, Coleccion de documentor inedilos para la hiUoria • i i Madrid, 1844), V; GACHARD, Hetraile et mart de

Quini an mono Brussels, 1854-55), II;

Concilium Trident mu m, ed. So, /. I; Diaria,

ed. Mehkle (Freiburg Lm Br., null); Qubtif and Echard,

■ rum (Paris, 17211. II; ToURON, His-

\res de I'ordre de S. Dominique (Paris,

1747 I, I\ ; Llorente, Hiatoire critique ile Vinquisition d'Es-

Paris, lsis. Ill; Rodrigo, 11. era de la

Irid, 1n77'. Ill; Schafer, Geschichte dcs span- li'.t.Tsloh. 1902'. I and III; Reusch, Der In,:- !. ■ - !'.,,„,,. Iss.; ..,,,, |1|

witz, /: ■; ■■ I ho) von Toledo (Kenipten, 1870);

Cabali.h: i, Vida d, Melchior Cano (Madrid, 1871); Ehrle in Der Katholik (iss. - ), I, 86, sqq.).

J. P. KlRSCH.

Carranza, Diego, b. at Mexico, 1559; d. at Tehuan- tepec. He entered the Dominican Order 12 May. 1577, and was sent to Nejapa in Oaxaca after being or- dained a priest. He was assigned to the mission among the Chontal Indians, who roamed through the forests almost in a savage condition, although, by their language, they belong to the same linguistic stock as the sedentary Xahuatl. Undergoing great priva- tions, Carranza clung to these forest tribes, and succeeded in partly settling them in hamlets and erecting hermitages where they might worship. For twelve years he led this life of exposure and contracted leprosy. He must have died quite young, but the exact date is unknown. Before his death he erected a church for his wards in the village of Santa Maria Tequiztlan. Details concerning this devoted missionary are very meagre. We know however, that he composed, in the Chontal idiom, a " Doctrina cristiana ", "Exercicios espirituales ", and "Sermones", which remained in manuscript, but they are now lost. They would be of the greatest value, since hardly anything has been published on this idiom.

DAVrLA-PADXLLA,£ftsforta delal i Mexico. 1596);

Burgoa, Geogrdfica Descripcion (Mexico, 1674 ; Antonio, Bihhniheca huipana nova (Madrid, 1733-1738); Sqoier, Monoaraph „j Authors (New York, 1861); Brixton, The American Race New York, 1891 : Orozco y Berra, Lingua.* indijenas y Carta etnoordfica d\ Mexico (Mexico, 1864 PncENTEZf, ' ,, de la* Lenguas

indijenas de Mexico (Mexico, 1862).

\ i. . I. Bane

Carreno de Miranda, Jia- unter,

b. at Aviles in Asturia, 1614; d. at Madrid, 1685. He was a pupil of Pedro de \. A ~ Cuevas and Bar- tolome Roman, but at the age of twenty knew more than his masters could teach him. and left them to set up a studio for himself. Velazquez is said to have interested himself to gain permission for the young ar- ii t to study the frescoes of the royal palaces; < b then obtained a commission to decorate the mirrors in the palace of Alcazar, ami his talents so recommended him to the Court that in 1660 lie was appointed by