Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 3.djvu/345

 CANONS

297

CANOPY

Rcguliers (Louvain, 1S74) ; Bonnf.au. Simple Xotice sur VOrdre Apostolique des Chanoinea rUgulien (Louvain. 1S921 : Gautier, (Euvrcs po&iquea d'Adnm de St. Victor (Paris, 1S5SV, Scully, Life of the Yen. Thomas a Kempit (London, 1901); Journal of Theological Studies (London, 1904). V. Reeves (ed.'. Life of St. Columba, Founder of //?/, Written by Adamnan (Edinburgh, 1874); Suarez. tr. Humphrey, The Religious State; Ran- dolph, Abbeys around London (London, 1899); Hamilton (ed.) Chronicle of the English Canonesses, Louvain (London, 1905); Hermans. Annates Canonicorum Reg.Ordinis S. Crucis (Bois-le- duc, 1858 ; Belyot, Iltstoire dcs ordres monastiques, religieux ei milliaires (Paris, 171-1); Mir.eus. Oriaines Canonic. Regu- larium (Cologne. 1615).; DeCo/legiis Can. Reg. (Cologne, 1615); Codex regular. eX constit. Can. Reg. (Antwerp. 1638

A. Allaria.

Canons Regular of the Immaculate Concep- tion. — A congregation founded in the department of Isere, at Saint-Antoine, France, by the Abbe Dom Adrien ( frea, and approved by Pius IX and Leo XIII. in three rescripts, 1870, 1876, and 1887. Its members have undertaken the restoration of canonical life with its primitive observances, the recitation of the whole of the Divine Office day and night, perpetual absti- nence and the fa-sts of early days. Their object is to unite the practices of ordinary religions life to clerical functions, principally in tin' administration of clerical duties and the education of young clerics. The mother-house is at Saint-Antoine. but following the French laws of 1901 and the persecution which was the consequence thereof, the community was trans- ferred to Andora Stazione, in the province of Genoa, Italy. The congregation has houses in France. Swit- zerland, Italy. Scotland, and in Canada, when- it was established in 1891, at Nomingue in Ottawa and at St. Boniface in Manitoba. There are four establish- ments in the Diocese of ( ttta.va. six in that of St. Boni- face, two in Saskatchewan and one in Prince Albert. The community is composed of eight priests and major clerics, and of about as many scholastics, postulants and lay brothers. The priests are success- fully employed in colonization and the education of youth.

Le Canada Ecchsiasiitjue (Montreal, 1907).

ELIE J. AUCLAIR.

Canopus, a titular 9 »f Egypt. Its old Egyptian

name was Pekuat ; the (ireeks called it Kanobos, or Kanopos, after a commander of a Greek fleet buried there. The city stood in the seventh Xomos (Mene- laites. later Canopites), not far from the Canopic mouth. It had many martyrs in the persecution of Diocletian, among others St. Athanasia with her three daughters, and Sts. Cyrus and John. There was here a monastery called Metanoia, founded by monks from Tabennisi, when- many patriarchs of Uexandria took shelter during the religious quarrels of the fifth century. Two miles east of Canopus was the famous heathen temple of Manoutliin. after- wards destroyed by monk-, and a church on the same spot dedicated to the Evangelists. St. Cyril of Alexandria solemnly transported the relics of the holy martyrs Cyrus and John into the church, which be- came an important place of pilgrimage. It was here that St. Sophroniua of Jerusalem was healed of an ophthalmy that had been declared incurable by the physicians (610-619), whereupon he wrote the pane- gyric of the two saints with a collection of seventy miracles worked in their sanctuary (Migne, 1'. G-, LXXXVII, 3379-676).

Canopus formed, with Menelaus and Schedia, a see subject to Alexandria in .Egypt us Prima; it is usually called Schedia in the " Notitise episcopatuum ". Two titulars are mentioned by Lequieu [II, II", . one in 32.5. the other in 362. The modern Arabic name is

Aboukir. "Father Cyrus", in honour of the lir-t of the two celebrated martyrs. It is to-day a village with 1000 inhabitants, at the end of a little peninsula north-east of Alexandria. It has a trade in quails, which are caught in nets hung along the shore. Off Aboukir, 1 August, 1798, the French fleet was de-

stroyed within the roads by Nelson; 25 July, 1799, Bonaparte destroyed there a Turkish army 1S.000 strong; and on 8 March, 1801, the French garrison of 1800 men was defeated by 20,000 English and Turks commanded by Abercrombv.

Smith, Diet, of Greek and Roman Geog. (London, 1S78), I, 501.

S. Vailhe.

Canopy, in general, is an ornamental covering of cloth, stone, wood, or metal, used to crown an altar, throne, pulpit, statue, etc. In liturgical language, the term is commonly employed to designate (a) the struc- ture covering an altar, formerly fitted with curtains and supported on four pillars; (b) the covering sus- pended over the throne occupied by dignitaries of the Church or princes; (c) the covering under which the Blessed Sacrament is sometimes borne in processions etc. In medieval times altars were pro- tected by a cover- ing then called a eiborium (see the article Altar, un- der sub-title Ci- borium I, but now- known as a halda- chinum (q. v.), or canopy, which survives at the present day as a feature of certain styles of architec- ture. When an altar had no eiborium it was covered with a cloth called a dais. As a mark of dis- tinction bishops and higher prelates have a right to a covering over the thrones which they occupy at certain ecclesiastical functions. This is called a canopy. It is sometimes granted by special priv- ilege to prelates inferior to bishops, but always with limitations as to the days on which it may be used and the character of its ornamentation. When bish- ops assist at solemn functions in the churches of reg- ulars the latter are bound to provide the episcopal seat, with a canopy (Cong- f Bishops and Regulars, 1003). Princes enjej similar privileges, but their seats should be outside the sanctuary, and regulated in accordance with custom. The colour of t he canopy should correspond with that of the other vestments. Two kinds of canopy are employed in processions of the Blessed Sacrament. ne of small dimensions and shaped like an umbrella - except that it is flat and not conical — is called an ombrettino. It is provided with a long staff by which it is held. The other, called a baldacchino, is of more elaborate structure and con- sists, in main outline, of a rectangular frame-work of rich cloth, supported by four, six, or eight staves by which it is carried. In both eases the covering con- sists of cloth of gold, or silk of white clour. The om- breUino is used for carrying the Blessed Sacrament to the sick and for conveying it from the altar to the baldacchino. The latter is used for all public pro- cessions, when it is borne by nobles of the highest rank, the more worthy holding the foremost staves. It is forbidden to carry relics of the saints under the baldacchino, but this honour may be given to those of the Sacred Pa-ssion (Cong, of Rites, May. 1826).

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Cange, Glmmrium LalinUali ,s u Conopmm.Cibonum.Bal- dachinum (Venire. 173 v : 1 on ! uttticnl

Ornaments, s. v. Canopy (London, 1868); Bocrabaf., DieJionnaire

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