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 BRUNNER

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BRUNNER

in existence in Brilnn since 1296 was constituted the cathedral chapter, and the provost-church was made the cathedral. Matthias Franz, Count von Chorin- sky, mitred provost of the chapter was appointed by the empress first bishop. He was succeeded by Johann Baptist Lachenbauer (1787-99), Vincenz Jo- seph von Schrattenbach (1800-16), Wenzel Urban Ritt.r von Stuffier (1817-31), Franz Anton von Gindl (1832-41), Anton Ernst, Count von Schaff- gotsche (1842-70), Karl Nottig (1871-82), Franz Sales Bauer (1882-1904), since 1904 Archbishop of Olmutz, and Paulus, Count von Huyn, b. at Briinn, 1868, appointed bishop 17 April, 1904, and con- secrated 26 June, 1904.

II. Statistics. — For the cure of souls the diocese is divided into 7 archipresbyterates and 37 deaneries with 429 parishes and the same number of parish churches, 30 simple benefices, 545 mission churches (Filiulkiirhcn) and oratories. In 1907 the num- ber of secular clergy was 751,612 engaged in the care of souls, 102 in other offices (professors, military chaplains, etc.), and 47 retired from active duty; regulars, 101, of whom 54 are engaged in the active, ministry. The cathedral chapter consists of a dean, an archdeacon, 4 canons capitular, 6 honorary canons, and 1 canon extra station; the consistory is composed of 15 members. In Nikolsburg there is a collegiate chapter with 6 canons and 4 honorary canons. The bishop and the 4 capitulars are ap- pointed by the emperor, the dean by the cathedral chapter, and the archdeacon by the bishop. Among the benefices, 26 are by free collation, 106 subject to appointment by administrators of the religious fund, 8 by administrators of the fund for students, 23 by ecclesiastical patrons, 2.50 by lay families, 22 are incorporated with monasteries, and 2 of mixed pafr- ronage. For the training of the clergy there is a seminary, in connexion with which is a theological school with 11 ecclesiastical professors, also an epis- copal -preparatory school for boys. In the inter- mediate schools of the diocese 67 priests are engaged in teaching religion, in the primary schools and inter- mediate schools for girls 79 priests.

The following religious congregations have estab- lishments in the diocese: Men: Premonstratensians 1 abbey {Neureisch) with 12 priests; Benedictines 1 abbey in Raigern (from which is issued the well-known periodical "Studien u. Mitteilungen aus dem Bene- diktiner- und Cistercienserorden "), with 20 fathers tion in Brunn, with 16 priests and 5 clerics; the Piarists 1 college at Nikolsburg with 2 fathers and 3 lay brothers; the Dominicans 1 monastery with 7 fathers and 7 brothers; the Franciscans 2 convents with 7 fathers and 5 brothers; the Minorites 1 mon- astery with 2 priests and 2 lay brothers; the Ca- puchins 3 monasteries with 9 fathers and S brothers; the Brothers of Mercy, 2 foundations with 3 priests and 15 brothers. Women: 32 foundations ami 379 sisters engaged in the education of girls and the care of the sick: 1 Cistercian abbey (Tischnowitz) with 25 religious; 1 Ursuline convent with 21 sisters; 1 Elizabethan convent with 19 sisters; 3 foundations of the Sisters of Mercy of St. Vincent de Paul, with
 * iinl _' clerics; the Hermits of St. Augustine 1 founda-

34 sisters; 9 houses of the Sisters of Mercy of St. Charles Borromeo, with 71 sisters; 2 bouses of the Daughters of the Divine Saviour with 26 sisters; 6 convents of the I' of Notre Dame with

35 sisters; 1 house of Daughters of Divine Love, with 21 sisters; 1 mother-house and 5 branches of tlic Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis, with 108 sisters, and 1 foundation of the Order of St. Hedwig, with 4 sisters. The above Damed congrega- tions of women conduct 4 boarding schools for girls,

21 Bel Is for girls, (i hospitals, 4 orphan asylums,

13 creches, 5 hospital stations, 2 asylums for aged women, 2 homes for the aged, 1 institution for the

blind, and 1 home for servant girls. Among the associations to be found in the diocese may be men- tioned: the Catholic Journeymen's Union (Gesellen- verein), 7; the Society of St. Vincent de Paul, 9 con- ferences; the Association of Christian Social Workers, the Apostolate of Sts. Cyril and Methodius, the St. Joseph's Verein for men and young men.

Chief among the churches of the diocese is the Cathedral of Sts. Peter and Paul at Briinn; built between the thirteenth and fifteenth century in Gothic style, it was destroyed in 1645, rebuilt as a Renaissance structure (1743-80), remodelled in 1906 and two towers added. The stateliest and most beautiful Gothic church of the diocese is the church of St. James at Briinn, begun as early as the thir- teenth century but completed only in 1511. Other prominent ecclesiastical buildings are the church of St. James at Iglau, erected 1230-43, the first Gothic church with porticoes in Moravia; the royal monastic church in the old section of Briinn built 1323-53 in Gothic style; the former monastic church of Tischnowitz erected 1233-50 in the Roman transition style, with a noble, richly adorned portico; the church of the former Benedictine monastery at Trebitsch, built 1230-45, with three naves, a spacious choir, and a Roman portico; the Jesuit church at Briinn, erected in 1582 in the Barocco style.

Wolny, Kirchliche Topographie von Mahren (4 vols., Briinn, 1857-61), Division II; Weinbrenner. Mahren w. das Bistum Briinn (1S77); Prokop, Mahren in kunstgeschicht- licher Beziehung (4 vols., Vienna, 1904); Trautenberger, Chronik tier Landeshaitptstadt Brunn [5 vols., Briinn, 1K93- 97); Die katholuiche Kirche in Wort u. Bild (2nd ed., Munich. 1907), II.

Joseph Lins.

Brunner, Francis de Sales, founder of the Ameri- can Congregation of the Precious Blood, b. 10 Jan- uary, 1795, at Muemliswil, Switzerland; d. at the Convent of Schellenberg, Duchy of Lichtenstein, 29 December, 1859. He received in baptism the name of Nicolaus Joseph. After the death of his father he entered, 11 July. 1812. the Benedictine monastery near his residence in Maria Stem. He made his vows two years later and studied for the priesthood under the direction of the pious Abbot Pfluger. Ten years after his ordination (1S19) he felt a vocation for a stricter life and joined the Trap- pists of Oehlemberg, also near his home. This con- vent being suppressed, he offered his services for foreign missions to Gregory' XVI, and was to have gone as Apostolic missionary to China, but shortly before the time set for his departure the order was re- called. Next he founded a school for poor boys in the castle of Lowenberg, which he had purchased from the Count de Montfort. In 1833 with his pious mother he made a pilgrimage to Rome, where they were both enrolled in the Archconfratemity of the Most Precious Blood. Returned to Lowenberg, his mother gathered around her pious virgins to "hold a perpetual (day- and night) adoration and dedicate their lives to the education of orphans and the fur- nishing of vestments for poor churches".

Thus began the Sisters of the Most Precious Blood; their foundress died in 1836, and the community was brought to America under the second mother su- perior, Sister Clara, \\h<> died in 1876 at Griinewald, Ohio. Meanwhile, in 1838, Father Brunner had made a second visit to Home, ami had entered the Con- gregation of the Most Precious Blood at Albano. After his novitiate he returned, continued the work he had previously begun, and also began educating boys for the priesthood, so as to inaugurate a German province of the congregation. The Government in- terfering more and more with his school, he accepted

the invitation of Archbishop Pun-ell of Cincinnati,

brought to him by Monsignor Heiini. to establish his community in America. Accompanied by eight priests, he landed, 21 December, 1813, at New Orleans