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 CANAL

242

TABLE II

Quebec

Ontario

Nova Scotia

New Brunswick

Manitoba

Columbia

Prince

EDW IBD

Island

Catholics Anglicans Presbyterians Methodists

1,429,260 81.563 58,013 42,014

390,304 367.937 477.386 666.3S8

129,578 66,107

106,381 57,490

125,698 41,767 39,496 35,973

35.672 44,922 65,348 49,936

33,639 40.689 34.081 25 047

45,796 5,976 30.750 13.402

North-West Ti

Alberta

Saskatchewan

Assiniboia

Yukon

Others

Grand Total

Catholics Anglicans Presbyterians Methodists

12,957

s.s.ss 1(1.655 9,623

6,453

6,392

2,136

969

10.663 10,086 15,015 11,559

4,453 2,632 3,130 1,864

5,127

3.661

51

2,621

2.229.600 680,6 10 842.442 916.SS6

of the Catholic population in the several provinces of the Dominion of Canada during the latter half of the nineteenth century; the object of Table II is to present at a glance a comparison between Cathol- icism and the more numerous of the Protestant sects in each province. He will see that the Catholics of Canada, 2,229,600 faithful (census of 1901), form 42 per cent of the total population of 5,371,315. Of these Catholics, 1,430,000, viz. about three-fifths, are in the province of Quebec, the remaining 800,000 being scattered throughout the different parts of the Domin- ion, more or less intermingled with the Protestants. Catholicism gains chiefly by the birth-rate. Its numbers were thus increased during the last ten years by 250,000, a gain which exceeds that of all the Protestant sects combined. In the ordinary inter- course of life Catholics and Protestants live in concord and work together harmoniously for the common welfare of Canada. See the articles British Colum- bia; New Brunswick; Manitoba; Nova Scotia; Ontario; Quebec; Prince Edward Island; Sas- katchewan (Alberta); North-West Territories: Kbewatin; Yukon; Athabasca; Mackenzie; Un- gava.

General History of Canada. — Charlevoix, Histoire et description g, iterate de la Nouvelle-France (13 vols., Paris, 1744); Relations des Jesuites (3 vols., Quebec, 1S58); these two works, as well as the Relations ineaites de la Nouvelle-France (1672-1779) (2 vols., Paris. 1861). and other documents, have

],,;■ 1 1 e 'In i :ui<1 |iuHnln'\ '. i, l<> Nou > I ■ ■ 1603) (Quebec. 1891 >; Faillon, l Canada (3 vols., Montreal, 1S(

Nouvelle decouverte ■ique (1697-98); Bressani, \- des Peres  la Colonic francaisc
 * d'histoire

du Canada (from the beginning t.i 1760' (Quebec, 1861-1865); Garneau, Histoire du Canada (to 1841) (3 vols.. Quebec, 1845-48); Turcotte, Le Canada sous I'Union (1S41-1S67) I _' rols., Quebec); RamEAU, La France aux Colonies (Paris, 1859): de Rochemonteix, Les Jesuites et la Nouvelle-France (3 vols., Paris. 1896i; Parkman, The Jesuits in North I

'. li.i lull. ISMI., Poo. i Fiaue. .,,11,, A em II orld\ I III NI\,

La Nouvelle- France (Paris, 1900); Ragey, Une nouvelle France (Paris, 1902); Tetu, Les eveques de Quebec (Quebec, 1889); Pagni i i.o. Etudes historiques el legates sur In liberie relig- ieuse en Canada (Montreal, 1872); Christie, History of the late Province of Lower Canada, parliamentary and political (6 vols., Quebec, 1842); Tanguay, Repertoire du clerge canadien (Quebec, 1868-69); Marory, Mimoiret et documents pour servir a Vhistoire des origines francaises des pai/s d'Outr, \l< (Paris, 1879-88); Guerahd, La Fran, Uuation

religieuse in Le Correspondant, 1877; Gosselin, L'Eglise du Canada, in Revo, ,/,, clergi francais (1895); Mandements et Leltres < Q bee (6 vols., Quebec, 1888-89);

Meilleuu, Memorial de ['Education du Bas-Canada (Quebec. 1876); Chapais, Jean Tallon, intendant de la Nouvelle-France (Quebec, 1904); Rochemonteix, Les Jesuites et la NouveUt- .,„ XVIII' Steele (1906); Ewart. The Manitoba School Question: Howley, Canadian Sketches in Ir. Ec. Rec., XI

(1S90). 43-53; Hughes. Quebec and the French Canadians in The Messenger (New York), 1S98, 1122-26; Thi Separate School Question in < anada, il,i,l., 190.",. 177-92: M< Kenna.-I Centiirij of Catholieitii in Canada in The Catholic World (New York). L., 229-39; Elliott, The Missionary Outlook in Can- ada, Ibid., LXIII, 391-96; Shea, Whi, is Canada not a Part of the U. S. in U. S. Cath. Hist. Mag., Ill (1890). 113-27; Grip- fin, Father Lotbiniere, a Canadian Patriot of the Eighteenth Cent, in Am. Cath. Hist. Soc. Res., XV (1903). 09-82.

II. Special Works. — (1) Quebec: Casgrain. Hist, de la Mire Marie de V Incarnation, preceded by a sketch of the re- ligious history of the early years of this colony (Quebec, 187S); Letlres de Mere Marie de VIncarnation (Paris. 1684>; Gosselin, Vie de Mgr. de Laval, premier ,i,que de Quebec (1622—1708) (2 vols., Quebec, 18S2); Tetu, Histoire du palais episcopal de Quebec (18961; Roy, L'Universite Laval et les fetes du cin- guantenaire (Quebec, 1903). (2) Montreal: Casson, Histoire de Montreal (Montreal, 1S69); Faillon, Vie de la Mire Bour- geoi/s (Paris 1853); Vie de Mile Mance, fondatrice de V II, ,1,1- Dieu de Ville-Marie (Paris. 1854); lie de Mme d'Youville, fondatrice des Sa-urs Crises (Pans, 1S52); Brumath, Histoire populaire de Montreal (Montreal, 1890); Mandements et cir- cvlaires des eveques de Montreal (10 vols., Montreal, 1S87); Minioires et documents rela/ifs o Vhistoire du Canada (9 vols.. Historical Society <if Montreal, 1859-80'; Le dioe.se de Montreal a la fin du XIX e

'Eglise au Canada, in (3) Acadia: Rameau d. Amirique, V Acadie (2 v inage au paus aVEvangi, ciens et les pr.lr, ■'. 1762) (Quebec. 1897 : I lost chapter of America! rier, Le P. Lef.l,,,; et I Histoire de V Acadie fran The North-West : Les m la propagation de la Foi (Paris, 1903), VI, Am,. Tache, arch, eigne de Sax QUET, Vie de Mgr. Gran 190H; Tassk, Les Can, 1S7S); Ti. hi.

L'orgaiu ,■

■ ■ .■ ■, :.■' ■ ("her. 1906).

I ' colonic jeodale en

is, 1889. Casgrain, Unpeler- ,■:..., I^n ; lii m. ,

■ Etrangeres en Acadie (1676- i, 1 ' '. 1/ 1 ■ i Unks of a J v.J- . Montreal, 1895 ; Poi- (Montreal, 1898 ; M aurault,

598-1755 . I'-ir. 1873 I

nth, ,l.i, i ■ Lyons. [nnales de


 * I'io i i . I.. i t ran,

,r„p,e: Dom Benedict, Vis de Mgr.

,■ I /: ' '■ (Si Boniface, 1905); Jon-

i ; • ..' So, nl- Albert (Montreal,

io,l,, ns ,:■ rtluest r2 v..|-, Montreal. Hi,,,,.. ,le missions dans le Nord-Quest de 1S66); EsquLsse sur le Nord-Ouest de VAmericpu Montreal, 1S69); Dugas. Mgr. Provencher et les Missions d. hi Riviere Rouge (Montreal, 1SS9); Cooke, Sketches of the Life of Mgr. de Mazenod (2 vols.. London, 1879); Arnould. La vie religieuse au Canada, in Le Can dant (Oct., 1906); Le Canada ecclesiastique (Montreal, 1908). A. Fournet.

Canal, Jose de la, ecclesiastical historian, b. of poor parents, at Ucieda, a village in the province of Santander, 11 Jan.. 17HS: d. at Madrid. 17 April, 1S45. Under the care of an uncle, an Augustinian friar, he studied in the Dominican and Augustinian convents of Burgos; at Burgos, in 1785, he was for- mally received into the Augustinian Order. Subse- quently he became professor of philosophy, fij the convent of his order at Salamanca, and then at Burgos. Returning from the latter place to Sala- manca he was librarian of the university, from 17S9 to 1800. After passing four years at Toledo, he came to Madrid, where he taught philosophy in the College of San Isidro. On account of certain articles in a paper of liberal tendencies called " II Universal " he was, on the return to Spain of King Ferdinand VII, confined for one year in a convent near Avila. At