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 CANADA

239

CANADA

side the Province of Quebec the parish priest alone takes charge of the goods of his church. These, in- cluding church-buildings, cemeteries, parochial resi- dences, etc., belong to the episcopal corporation, and it is the bishop who is responsible for them in the eyes of the Government. Members of religious orders are under the same ruling as secular priests, and have no need for property requiring special incorporation; they are always in charge of parishes or missions.

(2) Religious Orders and Congregations. — There are now in Canada more than twenty communities of priests, about ten of brothers, and more than seventy of sisters. The Sulpicians are not the oldest commu- nity, but they have been in the country continually since 1657. They have wo large parishes in Mon- treal, Notre Dame and Saint-Jacques, several chaplain- cies, and the management of a college, a seminary, and a school of philosophy, all flourishing institutions, with a total of 800 students. The Sulpicians number eighty-four, and support a number of schools, pro- tectories, asylums, and hospitals. The Jesuits, who returned in 1842, have 25 houses in Canada, 7 in Alaska, and 309 religious, including 125 priests, 96 scholastics, 8S lay brothers, engaged in various col- leges (Montreal and St. Boniface), parishes, and mis- sions (Quebec, Sault Sainte Marie, Peterborough, and Hamilton). The Oblates of Mary Immaculate are the apostles of the North- West. The Archbishop of St. Boniface and five bishops of the North- West are members of this congregation, which has about 265 priests and 96 lay brothers, with houses in Quebec, Montreal, and Ottawa, and in the last named city a university, a scholasticate, a juniorate, and several

S Irishes. The Dominican Fathers are located in St. yacinthe, Ottawa, Montreal, Quebec; the Clerics of St. Viator in Montreal, Joliette, Valleyfield, Quebec, St. Hyacinthe, Ottawa, and St. Boniface: the Fathers of the Holy Cross, with the colleges of Saint-Laurent (Montreal), Memramcook (St. John), and other houses in the dioceses of St. Hyacinthe ami Quebec; Basilians, Toronto. Sandwich, London, and Hamilton; Re- demptorists. Quebec, Ste. Anne de Beaupre, Mon- treal, Toronto, St. John, St. Boniface, and Ottawa; Eudists, Halifax, Vicariate Apostolic of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, Chatham (N. B.), Rimouski, Chicou- timi, and Valleyfield; Capuchins, Ottawa, Rimouski, and Quebec; Franciscans. Montreal, London, Que- bec, and Three Rivers; Trappists, Montreal, Notre- Dartie d'Oka, Notre-Dame de Mistassini, Chicoutimi, Notre-Dame des Prairies, St. Boniface, Notre-Dame du Calvaire, Chatham (N. B.), and Notre-Dame de Petit Clairveaux, Antigonish; Fathers of the Company of Mary, Montreal, Ottawa, Kingston, and Victoria; Canons Regular of the Immaculate Conception, St. Boniface, St. Albert, Prince Albert, and Ottawa; Fathers of St. Vincent de Paul, Quebec and St. Hyacinthe; Fathers of the Holy Ghost, Ottawa; White lathers of Our Lady of Algiers, Quebec; Fathers of the Sacred Heart of Issoudun, Quebec; Fathers of the Most Holy Sacrament, Montreal; Fathers of Chavagnes in the North-West Territory; Carmelites, Toronto; Missionaries of La Salette, St. Boniface, Sherbrooke, and Quebec; Benedict- ines. Prince Albert; Fathers of the Resurrection, Hamilton. The Brothers of the Christian Schools number nearly 800. with 60 houses, 49 of which are in the province of Quebec, and teach about, 30,000 children in 6 dioceses. Other institutes from France share this task of education: Brothers of the Sacred Heart, 8 dioceses, 21 houses, 326 religious; Marist Brothers, 5 dioceses, 24 houses, 205 religious; Brothers of Christian Instruction, 8 dioceses, 26 houses, 240 religious; and Brothers of St. Gabriel, 5 dioceses, 19 houses. 120 religious. Mention should also be made of the Brothers of the Cross of Jesus, of St. Francis Xavier, of St. Francis Regis, of Charity, and of the Congregation of Mary.

The oldest communities of women are the Sisters of the Order of Saint Augustine of the Hotel- Dieu (1639) and the Ursulines (1639), Quebec; then come (he Sisters of the Congregation of Notre Dame, founded at Montreal (1657) by Venerable Mother Marguerite Bourgeoys, the Hospitalers of St. Joseph (1659), Montreal, and the Hospitalers of the Mercy of Jesus (General Hospital of Quebec, 1693). The eighteenth century saw the foundation of the Grey Nuns (Saurs Grises) of Montreal by Venerable Madame Marguerite Marie d'Youville (1740). The other communities came from France or arose in Canada during the nineteenth century. The follow- ing is a list of the principal congregations founded in Canada: —

Name

Diocese of

Foundation

Dab

ft

•- B

Pupils



5

Coiiet. of Notre

Dame

Montreal

1657

1.351

161

127

31,555

21

Grey Nuns, di- vided since 1854

Mont real

1

17 II IX 111

II ,< 779

Kit

1 in

56

HI

17 6

'; Si Hyacinth ' Ottawa

Islll

114

57

14

6

IS 1.1

602

77

46

8

SistersofProv-

idence

Montreal

1S43

1,668

160

S3

17

Sisters of the

Holy Names

of Jesus and

Mary

Montreal

1843

1,081

193

70

20.071

14

Sisters of the

Holy Cross.

Montreal

1847

470

110

37

12.581

12

Sisters of

Mercy

Montreal

1848

144

42

s

6

Sisters of St.

Anne

Montreal

1 s.-.i 1

818

lii.l

,ii;

16.7S!)

11

Servants of the

Heart of

Mary

Quebec

is.io

320

>"

26

5,489

7

Sisters of St.

Joseph

Hamilton

1 S.I 1

132

19

12

1,701)

1

Sisters of the

Assumption

\ let

is;,:;

367

53

41

5 in

7

Religious of

Jesus and

Mary

Quebec

1855

292

41

12

4.722

6

Sisters of the

Precious

templative)

SI Hyacinthe

isci

240

120

12

12

Little Sisters

of the Holy

Family

St. John

ls.74

296

192

32

15

There are also the Little Daughters of St. Joseph (Montreal); the Sisters of Charity of Providence (Kingston); the Sisters of Charity (St. John, N. B.); the Sisters of St. Joseph (St. Hyacinthe); the Sisters of our Lady of the Holy Rosary (Rimouski); the Sisters of Perpetual Help (Quebec); the Sisters of Good Coun- sel (Chicoutimi); Servants of Jesus and Mary (Ot- tawa For further information refer to "Le Canada Ecclosia.st.ique", Montreal, 1908. Many orders have come from France in times past, several as the result of recent persecutions. Among those coming from France, we should mention the Ursulines (Quebec, Three Rivers, Chicoutimi, Sherbrooke. Chatham i; Hospitalers of the Mercy of Jesus (Quebec); Hospital- ers of St. Joseph (Montreal. Nicolet. Kingston, chat ham, London, Alexandria); Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (Montreal, Halifax, London); Sisters of the Good Shepherd of Angers (3 dioceses); Sisters of Loreto (Toronto, Hamilton, London); Sisters of the Holy Cross and the Seven Dolours (Montreal, Joliette, Alexandria, Sherbrooke, Pembroke, Ottawa); Sisters of the Congregation of St. Joseph (Toronto); Sisters of the Presentation (St. Hyacinthe, Nicolet, Sherbrooke, Prince Albert); Sisters of Jesus and Mary (Quebec, Rimouski); Sisters of our Lady of Charity of Refuge (Toronto, New Westminster); School Sisters of Notre Dame (Hamilton); Carmelites (■.Montreal); Daughters of Wisdom (Ottawa, Peter- borough, Chatham); Faithful Companions of Jesus