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 CAESARIUS

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CJESARIUS

trophe, while the tliird book, which was added ten years later (1237), recounts the miracles wrought through the relics of the archbishop after his death. Since the biography was begun immediately after the death of Engelbert, the author did not fully compre- hend what fatal effects the murder of the best and most trusted adviser of the young King Henry was to have upon the future liistory of Germany; but in depicting the character of his hero, and in narrating the particulars of the foul deed, Cajsarius shows him- self a master. There is scarcely another biography of the Middle Ages so artistically executed and so thoroughly reliable. It was printed by Surius in the "Acta Sanctorum", 7 November (1st ed. 1574; 2d ed., Cologne, 1617); by Gelenius (Cologne, 1633); finally, with the omission of the third book, by Bohmer in his " Fontes Rerum Germanicarum " (Stuttgart, 1843-68), II, 294-329. A good German translation was brought out by Bethany (Elberfeld, 1898). Caesarius also wrote a biography (the oldest extant) of St. Elizabeth of Hungary, which, however, lias never been printed, with the exception of a few fragments published by Montalembert, in "Sainte Elisabeth" (Paris, 1903). and by Bonier, in "Neues Archi v der Gesellschaft ftir altere deutsche Geschichts- kunde" (Hanover, 1888), 503-506. It is merely a recasting of the "Libellus de dictis quatuor ancil- larum", which was published by Mencken (Scr. rer. Germ., II, 2007 sqq). Another historical work of Ccesarius is the "Catalogus archiepiscoporum Coloni- ensium", a list of the Archbishops of Cologne between the years 94-123S. with important biographical data and concise but valuable reflections on the history of the times. Up to the accession of Philip of Heims- berg (1167) it is based on an older chronicle, but the rest is the original work of Caesarius. It was pub- lished by Bohmer, op. cit.. II. 271-2S2, and by Car- dauns in "Mon. Germ. Hist : Script.", XXIV, 332-47. When still quite young, Caesarius began to write sermons, most of which have been collected and pub- lished by Coppenstein: "Homilise sive fasciculus moralitatum" (Cologne, 161.5). These sermons, though inferior in thought and style to the oratorical masterpieces of his great Franciscan contemporary, Bert hold of Regensburg, were highly esteemed on account of their practical character and their suita- bility to the conditions of his hearers.

Kaufmann, Cawarius von Heisterbach (2d ed., Cologne, 1862); Schonbach in Sitzunijsberichte der k. Akademic der '■V >, n^chaften. No. 144 (Vienna, 1902); Meister, Die Frag- ment? der Libri VIII miraculorum des Casarius von Heisterbach in IS. Supplement-Heft zur Romischen Quartalschrift (Rome, 1901); Poncelkt, Note sur les Libri VIII miraculorum in Analeeta Bollandiana (Brussels. 1902); Hauck, Kirchengesch. Deutschlands (Leipzig. 1903), IV. 454 sqq.; Wattenbach, Deutechlanda Geecnichtsguetlen (Stuttgart, 1904); Cardauns in Allg. d. Biogr., s. v. (Leipzig. 1875); 1'NKKi.in Anna' l<n <l<s hist. Ven/n.s fur den Niederrhein, No. 34 (Cologne, 1879), 1-67; Hofer, Aid., No. 65 (Cologne, 1S98), 237 sqq.; Kessel in Kirchenlex., s. v.

Michael Ott.

Caesarius of Nazianzus, Saint, physician, younger ami only brother of Gregory of Nazianzus, b. prob- ably c. 330 at Arianzus, near Nazianzus; d. at the end of 36S or the beginning of 369. He received a careful training from his saintly mother Nonna and his father Gregory, Bishop of Nazianzus. He studied prob- ably at Caesarea in Cappadocia, and then at the cele- brated schools of Alexandria. Here his favourite studies were geometry, astronomy, and especially medicine. In the last-named science he surpassed all his fellow- students. About 355 he came to Constantinople, and had already acquired a great reputation for his medi- cal skill, when his brother Gregory, homeward hound

from Athens, appeared there about 358. Caesarius

sacrificed a remunerative and honourable post and returned to his parents with Gregory. The capital, however, soon proved to be too great an attraction for him; we find him occupying an exalted position as

physician at the court of Constantius and, much to the regret of his family, at that of Julian the Apostate. Julian failed in his efforts to win him over to Pagan- ism. Caesarius, more appreciative of his faith than of imperial favour, ultimately left the court, but re- turned to Constantinople after Julian's death. Under the Emperor Valens he became quaestor of Bithynia. His remarkable escape from the earthquake which shook Nicaea (11 October, 368) induced him to heed the insistent appeals of his brother and St. Basil, who urged him to leave the world. He was suddenly seized with a fatal illness, shortly after having re- ceived baptism, which he, like many others at the period, had deferred until late in life. He was un- married, and directed that all his goods should be dis- tributed to the poor, an injunction which his servants abused in their own interests. His remains were in- terred at Nazianzus, where his brother pronounced the funeral oration in the presence of his parents.

The admission of the identity of this Caesarius with his namesake, the Prefect of Constantinople, who, in 365, was thrown into prison by Procopius, rests on an assumption of James Godefroy, the editor of the Theodosian Code (Lyons, 1665), and not on any solid historical ground. The four "Dialogues" of one hundred and ninety-seven questions and answers which go under his name, and are to be found in Migne, P. G., XXXVIII, S51-1190, can hardly be from his pen, owing to their nature, contents, and anachronisms. To-day they are generally looked upon as spurious.

Greg. Naz. in P. G.. XXXV, 751-88; Birrs and Cazenove in Diet I'hnst. Biog., s. v.; Bardenhewer, Patrologie (Frei- burg. 1901), 257; Verschaffel in Diet, de theol. bath. (Paris, 1905 i. II, 2185-86.

X. A. Weber.

Caesarius of Priim, Abbot of the Benedictine monastery, near Trier, afterwards a Cistercian monk at Heisterbach near Bonn, born of the noble family of Milendonk, and lived in the latter half of the twelfth and in the first halt of the thirteenth century. At the beginning of the thirteenth century he entered the monastery of Pram, where in 1212 he was elected abbot, to succeed Gerard of Vianden. Prum was then one of the richest monasteries in Europe, with large estates scattered over Germany, France, and the Netherlands. Many of the monks were noblemen who had entered the monastery in order to live a life of comfort. Their example began to undermine the monastic simplicity and discipline, without which no monastery can prosper for any length of time. After ruling five years Caesarius, probably because he de- sired to lead a more perfect life than he could as abbot of a rich and undisciplined monastery, re- signed his abbatial dignity and became a humble monk at the flourishing Cistercian monastery of Heisterbach. Upon the request of Abbot Kuno of Prtim he wrote, in 1222, a commentary on the "Registrum Bonorum" or "Register of the Estates of Prum", which had been drawn up by an unknown monk in S93. This commentary has become an im- portant source for the history of law and civilization during the thirteenth century. The "Register", together with the commentary of ( 'a sarins, was pub- lished by Leibniz in his "Coileetanca Ktymologica" (Hanover, 1717), II, 409 sqq., and by Hontheim in his "Historia Trevirensis" (Augsburg, 1750), I. 661

sqq. The latest and best edition, made from the

original manuscript of Caesarius, which is preserved

in the royal archives at Berlin, was brought out by

Ileinrich Beyer in " Urkundenbuch zur Geschichteder

mittelrheinischen Territ orien " (Coblenz, I860), I, 112-201. Schonbach in " Sitzungsberichte der k. Akademic der Wisscnschafl en " (Vienna, 1902) after careful researches ascribes to (Vsarius of Milendonk the important historical work "De Wbatibus Prumi-