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 CJEREMONIALE

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CjESAREA

privileges, and granting the same privileges enjoyed by French universities. Like the other universities in France, the University of tain disappi ared at (lie time of the French Revolution. The present univer- sity, founded in 1894, has fifty instructors and 750 students.


 * \siu>vll. The Universities of Buroi U Idle Anes

(Oxford, 1895), II, Pt. I, 1SI4; FonKNlEn, Lr« staluls leges des unircrsilrx franeniees (Pari 1892 . III. Pt. I. ll">; De Bourmont, La jemdation de Vunivt

de la socn'te dee antvruairee de Normandie (Caen, 1884 . XII. Chevalier, Topthbibliogr., 541.

('. A. 0UBEAY.

Caeremoniale Episcoporum, a book containing the rites and ceremonies to be observed at Mass, Vespers, and other functions, by bishops and prelates of inferior rank, in metropolitan, cathedral, and col- legiate churches. It treats also ot i he manner of pre- cedence among ecclesiastics and official lay persons. From the earliest centuries of the Church there were many books which contained the rites and ceremonies to be observed in the performance of ecclesiastical functions. Shortly after Sixtus V had instituted (15S7) the Congregation of Sacred Rites and Cere- monies, Clement VIII appointed a commission of learned prelates to correct the "Ceremoniale Episco- porum", which he promulgated by the Apo-iolic Letter "Cum novissime". 11 July, 1600. When in course of time errors crept into this, Innocent X had it revised by a commission of cardinals, and by his Constitution "Etsi alias" (30 July, 1650) ordered it to be observed everywhere. A revised edition be- came necessary during the pontificate of Benedict XIII, which was promulgated by the Hull "Licet alias" 1 7 March, 1727). Benedict XIV caused an amended and augmented edition to be published, the observance of which he made obligatory by Apostolic Briefs (15 May, 1741; 25 March. 1752).' Finally a typical edition was published under the auspices of the Congregation of Sacred Rites to which all other editions were to conform (S. R. C, 17 Aug.. 1SS6).

The "Cseremoniale Episcoporum" is divided into three books. The first portion concerns what a bishop must do after his election and immediately upon entrance into the diocese, regarding his ordinary dress, his duties and privileges, as indicated, when a legate, cardinal, nuncio, or other prelate is present (cc. i-iv); the duties of the master of ceremonies, sacristan, assistant priest, and other ministers of the bishop (cc. v-xi); the ornaments of the church and of the bishop's throne (cc. xii-xiv); the ecclesiastical dress of the bishop and canons, and the manner of entering and leaving the church (c. xv); the pallium, mitre, and crosier (cc. xvi-xvii); reverences, genu- flexions, and other ceremonies, and sermons during Mass and at funerals (cc. xviii-xxv); the manner of supplying the places of canons and other ministers at solemn services (c. xxvi); the orations and their chant, the organ and organist (cc. xxvii-xxviii); the low S ■!.■ of the bishop or low Mass celebrated m his pres- ence (cc. xxix-xxx); the rites and ceremonies to be observed at synods. The second book treats of the Divine Office and of Mass throughout the year cele- brated ia, by the bishop; (b) in his presence: (c) in

Cathedrals and collegiate churches when the bishop is absent (cc. i-xxxiv); the anniversary of the election and of the consecration of the bishop (c. \\\ anniversary of the death of his predecessor and of all the bishops and canons of the cathedral (cc, xxxvi- xxxvii); the last illness and death of the bishop and the prayers to be said for t he election of his successor (c. xxxviii); the chant of the Confiteor. the form of publishing an indulgence, and the blessing given by the bishop after the sermon (c. xxxix). The third book treats of the formalities to be observed by pro- vincial presidents, prelatic governors, and vice-legates in their respective provinces and cities (cc. i-xit. The "Ceeremoniale Episcoporum" is obligatory not

only in cathedrals and collegiate churches, but also in smaller churches, as far as it is applicable to the litur- gical functions performed therein (S. H. C, 17 Aug., 1894), not only when a bishop pontificates, but also when a priest performs the ceremony. In this man- ner it explains and makes up the deficiencies in the rubrics of the Breviary and Missal. That the "Cseremoniale Episcoporum" obliges in conscience is evident from the words of Benedict XIII, who, speaking of the rubrics contained in the official litur- gical books of the Church, says: "Ritus .... qui in minimis etiam, sine peccato negligi, omitti vel nmtari haud possunt " (Cone. Pro v. Roman., 1725, tit. xv. cap. i). Although the Congregation of Sacred Rites (19 Aug., 1651) decreed: " Nihil addi. minui vel immutari posse, sed omnia in eodem Missali et C&remoniali prsescripta ad unguem servanda esse", yet ceremonials peculiar to individual churches may be retained, provided they do not conflict with the "Cajremoniale Episcoporum" (Sixtus V in his Bull "Cum novissime" found at the beginning of the "i 'aiem. Episc").

Cataiani, Caremoniah Ep\ eoporum commentariis itlue- Iratum (Paris, I860 : Di Herot, r oxi Pontificalia il.ouvain,

L904 i M •. • i ■ Elements ftoi • i. I

montaldt • ttquee comment* etexpliqyi suffra-

l/anl de la Province b'ccli. IU../171.'. de Qui bee I Pans. 1856).

A. J. SCHULTE.

Caerularius, Michaki.. See Michael C.ekularius. Csesarea, a Latin titular see. and the seat of a

residential Armenian bishopric, in Cappadocia (Asia Minor). The native name ol this city was Mazaka, after Mosoch. the legendary Cappadoeian hero. It was also called Eusebi ia alter King Ariarathes Euse- bius, and took its new name, Co area, from Tiberius in a. n. 17, when Cappadocia became a Roman prov- ince. When Valens divided this province, Csesarea remained the metropolis ,.l Cappadocia Prima. At all times it has been, and still is the first- metropolis of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Lcquien (I, 367) enumerates fifty bishops from the first to the eighteenth century. We may mention Primianus, the centurion who stood by the Cross on Calvary according to St. Gregory of Nyssa; Firmilian, a cor- respondent of St. Cyprian of Carthage; St. Basil the Great; Andrew and Arethas, two commentators of the Apocalypse; Soterichus, a famous Monophysite, and some others who became patriarchs of Constan- tinople. Among the principal saints arc all the mem- bers of St. Basil's family; the martyrs St. Mamas, or Mammes. St. Gordius, and St. Julitta, whose pane- gyrics were pronounced by St. Basil. The illustrious monk St. Sabas, who founded the great monastery still existing near Jerusalem, was born in the Diocese ofCasarea. At the time of St. Basil this diocese had fifty chorepiscopi or country bishops, which supposes a dense population. Councils were held at Ciesarea

in :;i 1, 358, 371, etc. As for the Latin bishops, four

are known in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries

i Lequien, III, ^77 1.

Csesarea, under the Turkish name Kaisarieh, is to-day the chief town of a sanjak in the vilayet of Angora. The ruins of the old city are still visible about a quarter of a mile to the west of the modern town at Eski Kaisarieh (Old Ca-sarcai. The present

(190X) city seem- to have been established in the early days of the Mussulman occupation. It is situated on the Ki/ii Yim.ak ■ llaly-, at an altitude of 3281 feet, at the foot of Mount Argseus (9996 feet), and has about 72,000 inhabitant- 15,000 Mussulmans, 9000 Gregorian Armenians, 1200 Protestant Armenians, BOOCatholic Armenians, and 1 5,000 Greeks (fewCath- olic Greeks). Kaisarieh, besides t he i Ireek metropol- itan Bee, is a diocese for thi and a diocese

for the Catholic, Armenians. The last-named see has

only L'lltK) faithful with 2 parishes, I churches, and


 * priests. A flourishing school is conducted by the