Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 3.djvu/165

 CADESBARNE

131

CffiDMON

the Qodshn of Egyptian monuments, and is generally placed on the Lake of Horns (Emesa), Syria, at the ]xiint where the Orontes issues from it. (Sec also the article Cedes.)

Batce, The 11,11, tes (London. 1S88), 100; Tompkins in Pal Expl. FundQu. St .(18821. 47; Conhen. ,l„d nssi, 1 63 173; Tompkins in Transact. Bibl. Archaol. (1882), 395, 101; Lifsics, [II, 158, 159. 164; Viqouhoi \ in Diet it la Bib., II, 367; Id., Melanges bibl. (2nd ed.), 340 sq., 351 sq.; Hum- melackr. Com. in Lib. Sam., 448.

F. Bechtel. Cadesbarne. See Cades.

Cadillac, Antoine de Lamothe, Sieur de, b. at Toulouse in 1657; d. at Castelsarrasin, 16 October, 1730. He was the son of a parliamentary councillor, and entered t lie army at the age of sixteen. Sent to Acadia in 1683 he served in the Port Royal garrison, studied the conditions of the English colonies, and in 1689 proposed the conquest of New York and Boston. He took part in the unsuccessful Cafhniere expedi- tion during which the English destroyed an establish- ment that he had just begun on Mount Desert Island, given him in Kiss by Governor de Denonville, to- gether with an estate at the mouth of the Union River on the coast of Maine. Despite his advanta- geous marriage at Quebec (16S7) with Therese < iuyon, the daughter of a wealthy merchant, he returned to France in financial straits. The king took him under his protection, and in 1691 sent him out to Frontenac, Governor of New Fiance. The latter, meditating an attack on the coast of New England, used all the in- formation he could obtain from the crafty and re- sourceful young officer, who prepared several memoirs for this special purpose. Under these influential patrons Cadillac advanced, and was successively made captain of infantry, naval ensign, and, in 1694, com- mandant of Michillimakinac. In this last ollice he distinguished himself by his skill in controlling the ■ oi the West who threatened to unite with the Iroquois; but he likewise took advantage of his posi- tion to carry on illegal traffic, and quarrelled with the Jesuits who endeavoured to prevent his abuses in the brandy traffic. Returning to Quebec in 1H97 he wrote an interesting account of Michillimakinac, and was sent to France by Frontenac for the purpose of making known the hitter's view.-. Falling seriously ill. he promised t" erect a chapel in the Franciscan church at Quebec, which promise he fulfilled in 1699. He I hen proposed to the Court to build a fortified post at the head of Lake Erie, thus to secure the line of for- tifications from the West and prevent the Indians of the interior from trading with the English.

In June. 1701, Cadillac founded the city of Drto.it , which he called Pont Chart rain in honour of his pro- tector. Here he erected a church and a fort, attracted colonist.-, parcelled out land, gathered the [ndians, proposing to civilize them by having them inter- marry' with the French, and, in 1705, obtained a mo- nopoly of the trade of this post, at first given to a special company. He next aimed at making Detroit "the Paris of New France ", suggested t he cut ting of a Canal between Lakes Erie and Huron, and asked thai the settlement be made a marquisate in his favour. Having become absolute master of Detroit, with a promise of being appointed it.- firsl governor, his am- bition eventually led to his undoing. The merchants of Montreal complained that he was depriving their city of trade, Governor Vaudreuil objected to the power thai he was arrogating to himself, and the

Jesuits protested against abuses in his trai sections

with the Indians. Recalled to Frame in 1710. Ca- dillac was subsequently made ( iovernor ol Louisiana, where he arrived in 1712. Entering into partnership with ( Yozat. he devoted himself chiefly to mining and to trading with the Spaniards. However, in 1716 he

was deposed, tried, and sentenced to the Bastille, whence he emerged in 1718, and was restored to fa-

vour. In 1722 he obtained a decree whereby he re- gained possession of his Detroit property and he was later made Governor of Castelsarrasin, department of Tarn and Garonne, where he died. His body was interred in the old Gunnels church, since trans- formed into a prison. Cadillac was shrewd and far- seeing, and would have been capable of great things had not his career been blighted by a caustic tem- perament and an insatiable desire for gain.

Archives colonial/I ilr France, scrips ('., II; Acadif, II, carton

10; Canada, series C, II. XI-XXXI, series B, XIX-LXIII;

Archives des affa a. IV; Marge, Drcouv.

et Etablis., V, 133-346; Rochemonteix, Jcsuites et Nouv. France ait 18 e siccle, I, ">'.) 7 1, 242; Si itk, Hist. Can. Franc, VI, viii; Rameau, Notes historirriti s sur la colonic canadienne du Detroit (1861); Verreatj, i.i,,ioo notes sur Antoine Lamothe de Cadillac in Revue Canadu mo i L883); Burton, A Sketch of the Life of Anion,, <l, hi U, .'.'., I 'adillac (Detroit, 1895); Idem, In Die Footsteps of Cadillac (1S99).

J. Edmond Roy.

Cadiz, Diocese of (Gaditana et Septensis), suf- fragan of Seville. Its jurisdiction covers nearly all the civil province of Cadiz; only a few places, like Sanlucar, belong to the Diocese of Seville, or, like Grazalema, to that of Malaga. Cadiz ({69,382) is the residence of the bishop, and is situated on the Isle of Leon, separated from the mainland by a nar- row and tortuous channel: very high and thick walls surround the city, which from the sea presents a very picturesque appearance. The greater part of the old town was consumed in the conflagration of 1569. This city was retaken in 1262 from the Moors, and raised by LTrban IV to episcopal rank in 1263 at the request of Alfonso X. Its first bishop was Fray Juan Martinez. After the Christians had won from the Moors the Plaza (stronghold) de Algeciras, the ordina- ries of Cadiz bore the title of Bishop of Cadiz and Algeciras, granted by Clement VI in 1352. This see counted amongst its prelates in 1111 Cardinal Fray Juan de Torquemada, an eminent Dominican theolo- gian and jurisconsult, who took a leading part in the Councils of Basle and Florence, and defended in his "Summa de Ecclesia" the direel power of the pope in temporal matters. By the Concordat of 18,51 the Diocese of Ceuta, also suffragan of Seville, was sup- pressed and incorporated with that of Cadiz, whose bishop is regularly Apostolic Administrator of Ceuta. There are in Cadiz 32 parishes and 110 priests; in Ceuta, 22 parishes, 26 priests, and 1 1 ,7(10 inhabitants.

Castro, '/' I provincia ideliz. 1858), 207-8,

JJ'J. .'is; La Iienie, Hi / .■. '" ./. C, , i \t:idrid, 1873-75),

IV, 290; I'hhitia, Dcscrijicion hist, tic, -art, lie, .1, la catedral de Cadiz (Cadiz, 1843).

Edt/ardo de Hinojosa.

Caecilia, Sec Cecilia, Saint.

Caedmon, Saint, author of Biblical poems in Anglo- Saxon, date of birth unknown; d. between 670 and 680. While Csedmon's part in the authorship of the so-called Csedmonian poems has been steadily nar- rowed by modern scholarship, the events in the life of this gill eil religious poet are definitively established

by the painstaking Bede, who lived in the aearby monastery of Weannouth in the following generation (see Bede). Bede tells us (Hist. Eccles., Bk. IV, ch. wivi that Caedmon, whose name is perhaps Celtic (Bradley i. or a Hebrew or Chaldaic pseudonym (Pal- grave. Cook i. was at first attached as a labourer to tin- double monastery of Whitby (Streoneshalh), founded in 657 by St. Hilda, a friend of St. Aidan. (See AlDAN.) One night, when the servants of the monasb rv were gathered about the table for good- fellowship, and tie- harp was passed from hand to hand, Caedmon, knowing nothing of poetry, left the company fur shame, as he had often done, and re- tired to the stable, as he was assigned that night to the care of the ilraiiL'ht cattle. As he slept, there stood by him in vision one who called him by name, and bade him sing. "I cannot sing, and therefore