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 BOMMEL

645

BONA

60. Capuchin, Anastasius Hartmann, 1850-58. Jesuits: Alexis Canoz (administrator), 1858-61; Walter Steins, 1861-1867; Leo Meurin (a ^NTiter and lecturer of considerable merit), 1867-87; George Porter (first archbishop), 1886-89; Theodore DalhotT, 1891-1906; Hermann Jurgens, appointed 28 May, consecrated, 14 July, 1907.

Institctions. — In Bombai/ Island. — The High School of St. Xavier with 1,400 pupils; the College of St. Xavier with about 3.50 students preparing for Bombay University degrees. The majority of these pupils are non-Christians, whose admission, however, brings prestige, personal respect and esteem to the Catholic body, and enables the College to work on a financial basis, making it possible to provide a good education for Catholics. Further, St. Mary's High School v.'ith 190 boarders and 310 day-scholars, mostly Europeans or Eurasians. The teaching staff of

St. Xavier's High School

these three institutions consists of Jesuit fathers and scholastics, assisted by lay masters. For girls, High Schools at Clare Road, Parel, and the Fort, and a native school at Cavel, under the Nuns of Jesus and Marj'. Other charitable institutions: St. Joseph's Foundling Home and St. Vincent's Home for poor women and girls, under the Daughters of the Cross; St. Elizabeth's Widows' Home, under the Nuns of Jesus and Mary; the Allbless Leper Home, Trombay, and the Deaf and Dumb Institute under a European secular priest. In Sahette: St. Stani-slaus's Institu- tion, Bandra, under the Jesuit fathers, with 240 native boarders and 450 day-scholars; St. Joseph's Convent, Bandra, under the Daughters of the Cross, for native girls, with 330 boarders and 220 day- scholars. In the Northern Districts: St. Patrick's High School, at Karachi, with 306 pupils; St. Joseph's Convent School, Karachi, with 70 boarders and 300 day-scholars; St. Paul's Orphanage belonging to the p;igan mission at .\nand in Gujerat with 100 orphans; St. .Joseph's Convent, .\hmedabad, with 100 pupils; besides smaller establishments of all kinds scattered over the archdiocese. There is no diocesan seminarj', till- native secular clergy being trained at the Papal Seminary at Kandy in Ceylon. The finest buildings in the archdiocese are the Church of the Holy Name with the archbishop's residence and Convent School, liuiiiliay; the Bombay Cathedral, a large structure in the Portuguese style; St. Patrick's Church, Karachi; the collegiate buildings of St. Xavier's and St. Marj''s, Bombay, to which latter St. Anne's Church is at- tached. Local publications include "The Examiner" (formerly called the " Bombay CathoHc Examiner") edited by a Jesuit father; established in 1849 it is II.— 41

published weekly at the Examiner Press which is the property of the archbishop; "The Bombay East Indian", the weekly organ of the Native Chiristians of Bombay; a local "Supplement" to the English "Messenger"; a "Messenger of the Sacred Heart" in Marathi, besides a number of vernacular books in Marathi, Gujerati, etc., published according to need. The Catholic Directory (Madras, 1907); Catalogues of the Bombay Mission; Diocesan Archives ami Records (unpublished): The Examiner and The Pastoral Gazelle (the latter cea.'sed publication in 1904) file.s; Lije of Dr. Hartmann (Calcutta, 1S6S); Monseigneur Alexis Canoz (Paris, 1S91). No proper history of the Mission has yet been written, though materials are being collected for that purpose,

Ernest R. Hull.

Bommel, Cornelius Rich.\rd Anton van, Bis- liop of Liege, was b. at Leyden, in Holland, on 5 April, 1790; d. 7 .\pril, 1852. He was educated at the college of Willingshegge near Miinster, and later at the advanced school of Borght. Against strong opposition he entered the seminarj- of Miinster and was ordained priest in 1816 by Bishop Gaspard Droste de Vischering. On his return to Holland he foimded a college for yoimg men at Hageveld, near Haarlem. This college was closed in 1825 in conse- quence of the royal decree that subjected all the educational institutions to State control. King Wil- liam offered van Bommel the presidency of another college, but met with a firm refusal. The Catholics and Liberals joined forces in opposing the arbitrary policy of the Government, and van Bommel took a prominent part in the agitation that forced the king to promulgate the Concordat concluded with Leo XII. Under the provisions of the Concordat, van Bonunel was nominated to the See of Liege and consecrated on 15 November, 1829. He took no active part in the revolution of 1830, but as Bishop of Liege he was forced to sever his connexion with Holland. In a few years he remedied the evils which a vacancy of more than twenty years had occasioned in his dio- cese. He reorganized the seminary, revived Cathohc elementary education, and gave the first impetus to the foundation of a Catholic imiversity.

Bishop van Bommel was a zealous defender of the primacy of the Holy See, an aggressive opponent of Freemasonry, and an ardent advocate of religious education. Ax the reorganization of public instruc- tion in 1842, his educational views were put in force in those gjTnnasia and technical schools which the State maintained wholly or in part. His writings comprise three volumes of "Pastoral Letters", and a number of pamphlets on ecclesiastical and educa- tional questions.

Smet in Biographic Rationale (Brussels, 1868), 11; Capi- TAiNE, Necrologie liegeoise pour 1863; Jacquemotte, Eloge iunebre.

M.ITTHI.^S LeI.MKUHLER.

Bona, GiovANXT, a distinguished cardinal and author, b. of an old French family at Mondo\i in Piedmont, 19 October, according to some 10 October, 1609; d. at Rome, 28 October, 1674. Although his father favovu-ed a military career for him, after pass- ing some years at a nearby Jesuit college he entered the Cistercian monastery at Pignerola, where, as also later at Rome, he pursued his studies with exceptional success. He laboured for fifteen years at Turin, then as prior at .^sti and as abbot at Mondovi, and in 1651 was called to preside over the whole congre- gation. During his seven years of official life in Rome he modestly declined all further honours, at one time even refusing the Bishopric of Asti. He welcomed the expiration of his third term in the scholar's hope that he would be allowed to enjoy a life of retirement and study, but his intimate friend, Pope Alexander VII, wishing to honour his learning and piety, made him Consultor to the Congregation of the Index and to the Holy Office. In 1669 he was created cardin.al, and then the beauty of liis character was fully re-