Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 2.djvu/684

 BOHEMIA

614

Procopius the Great, and Procopius the Less, upon Mount Tabor, and from 1419 to 1434 they made marauding expeditions from that point in all di- rections. The army of Sigismund. in the Fifth Crusade, accomplished nothing. An agreement was finally made with the moderate Utraquists (called Calixtines) in 1433. By this agreement, which is called "the Compactata'of Basle", or "of Prague", the cup was granted to the laity; at the same time the teaching of the Church as to the Real Presence of Christ under each form was insisted upon. From the descendants of the radical Taborites sprang later the Bohemian and Moravian Brethren.

A great number of parishes and other cures of souls had been obliterated during the Hussite wars; in those which still remained there was a woefid lack of priests, especially for the German population. It was, therefore, ea.sy for Protestantism to make rapid advances, especially as it was looked on with favour by both the nobility and the people. De- sertion of the Church was ac-ompanied by treason against the hereditary djTiasty. In 1547, a large part of the population took sides with the League of Smalkald, and in 1618 Bohemia was the starting point of the Thirty Years' War which brought such terrible disasters " upon the whole of Germany. During this war the population of Bohemia fell from three millions to eight hundred thousand. The Hapsburg dynasty finally gained the victorj-. The nobility were punished for their treason, either by execution or by banishment, with confiscation of property; the rebellious cities lost their freedom; the common people either emigrated or returned to the Catholic Faith. In 1655, the See of Leit- meritz was founded; in 1644 the Emperor Ferdi- nand IV erected a new bishopric at Koniggratz, to take the place of Leitomischl, which had dis- appeared during the Hussite wars. Finally, in 1784, the Emperor Joseph II made the new Bishop- ric of Budweis out of the southern part of the Arch- diocese of Prague.

Statistics of Bohemian Clergy

1 a

g

3

5

1

Q

if

u

E

"

£

1°

Z

Is

^P

"ca

■a;

££

1905

£

a 3

E-2

£3

Prague (Archd.)

1,385

1,219

126

40

413

Leitmeritz

1906

955

890

38

27

131

Koniggratz

1906

993

932

46

15

88

Budweis

1905

858

822

36

133

4,191

3,863

246

82

V66

Church LmxGs in Bohemia

Prague 11905

Leitmeritz

Budweis

Koniggratz

1905 1906 1906

PopUL.iTioN OF Dioceses by Denominations

Prague ,1905 2,062,683 Leitmeritz '1905 1,561,432 Budweis 1906 1.109,625

54.235 I 50,493 2,167,411 50,778 18.01611,620,281 4,020 12.5.591 1,126,204

Koniggratz |l906. 1,476,645' 56.159 | 11.689.1,544.493

6,210,3851 165,192 | 92,757|6,458,389

11 I 173 I 1,706 |1,435

Present State of Dioceses. — Bohemia is di- vided ecclesiastically as follows: The Archdiocese of Prague includes the north-western and central parts of the country, the Diocese of Leittneritz embraces the northern part, the Diocese of Konig- gratz takes in the eastern part, and the Diocese of Budweis the southern part of the comitn,'. In addition to its share of the territory of Bohemia, the Archdiocese of Prague also includes the count- ship (Grafschaft) of Glatz in Prussian Silesia.

Religions Orders. — There are in the archdiocese

14 orders for men, having 35 houses; the total number of members of the orders is 704, of these 416 are priests, 135 are clerics preparing for the priesthood, and 153 are lay brothers. Special mention should be made of the Benedictines at Emaus, of the Jesuits at Prague, and of the Pre- monstratensians at Tepl. There are also 21 orders for women, with 1.517 members. The Diocese of Leitmeritz has 13 orders for men, with 31 houses. The members of these orders include 136 priests,

15 clerics preparing for the priesthood, and 49 lay brothers. The Cistercian Abbey of Osseg and the Jesuit college at Mariascheim are worthy of special mention. There are 10 orders for women, with 62 houses and 651 members. The Diocese of Konig- gratz has 9 orders for men, with 88 priests; and 8 orders for women, with 442 members. The Diocese of Budweis has 13 orders for men, in 32 houses; these orders include 131 regular priests; the orders for women are 7, with 419 members. The Cistercian Monasterj- of Hohenfurt, founded in 1259, should be mentioned in connexion with this diocese.

Educational and Charitable hutitutions.—Jn the Archdiocese of Prague there are: 1 seminary for priests, 1 private gymnasium, 3 homes for university students preparing" for the priesthood, 52 hospitals, homes for the poor, orphan asylums, etc., over 200 endowments for the aid of the poor, and 34 asso- ciations of St. Vincent de Paul. In the Diocese of Leitmeritz there are: 1 theological school, 1 high school for boys, 5 homes for uni\ersity students preparing for 'the priesthood, 11 Catholic primary schools, 2 grammar-schools, 8 boarding-schools, 18 industrial and advanced schools, 20 orphanages, 7 asylums for children, 14 kindergartens, 20 creches, and "over 130 homes for the poor, hospitals, etc., as well as 13 Conferences of St. Vincent de Paul. In the Diocese of Koniggratz there are: 1 theolog- ical school, 1 seminary for priests, 1 boys' seminary, 7 boarding-schools for girls, 2 training-schools for women teachers, 10 other schools for girls and young women, 21 institutions for the care of children, "67 orphanages, hospitals, etc., 8 conferences of St. Vincent de Paul, and numerous endowments for the aid of the poor. In the Diocese of Budweis, besides 1 theological school and 1 seminarj- for priests, there are under ecclesiastical control: 1 boys' seminarj-. 1 home for university students preparing for the priesthood. 12 public and industrial schools 23 kindergartens, 7 boarding-schools, about 140 sti- pends for students, 99 hospitals, homes for the aged and the poor, and 8 conferences of St. Vincent de Paul.

Relations of Church and State. — Since tht last years of the reign of Maria Theresa, and es-