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 BARBIERI

287

BARBOSA

Virgil Horace Barber, son of Daniel, b. at Claremont, New Hampshire, 9 May, 1782; d. at Georgetown, D. C, 25 March, 1S47. He himself suid that the first step leading to his conversion was the reading through curiosity of a little book "A Novena to St. Francis Xavier" belonging to a pious Irish servant girl who was employed in his house while he was principal of the Episcopalian Academy at Fairfield, New York. This raised doubts con- cerning his Protestant faith, which his bishop. Dr. Hobart, and other Episcopalian ministers could not solve for him. During a visit to New York City, in 1S16, he called on Father Benedict J. Fenwick, S.J., with the result that he resigned his Episcopalian charge at Fairfield, and went to New York, where he and his wife Jerusha (b. New Town, Connecticut, 20 July, 1789) were received into the Church with their five children, Mary (b. ISIO); Abigail (b. 1811); Susan (b. 1813); Samuel (b. 1814); and Josephine (b. 1816). At first he opened a school in New York, but this lasted only seven months, for both he and his wife determined to enter religious life, he the Society of Jesus, and she the Visitation Order. Un- der the direction of their friend, Father Fenwick, in June, 1817, they set out for Georgetown, D. C, where Mr. Barber and his son Samuel went to the college of the Jesuit Fathers, and his wife and the three oldest girls were received into the Visitation convent. The youngest child, Josephine, then ten months old. was taken care of by Father Fenwick's mother. The superior at Georgetown, Father John Grassi, S.J., shortly after sailed for Rome and took Mr. Barber with him as a novice. Mr. Barber re- mained there a year and then returned to George- town, where he continued his studies until Decem- ber, 1822, when he was ordained a priest at Boston. After his ordination he was sent to his old home, Claremont, New Hampshire, where he built a church and laboured for two years. He then spent some time on the Indian missions in Maine, and was after recalled to Georgetown College, where he passed the remainder of his days.

Nearly three years after their separation, 23 Feb- ruary, 1820, husband and wife met in the chapel of Georgetown convent to make their vows in rehgion. She first went through the formula of the profession of a Visitation nun, and he the vows of a member of the Society of Jesus. Their five children, the eldest being ten and the youngest three and a half years old, were present. Mrs. Barber had been ad- mitted into the Visitation convent on the twenty- sixth of July. 1817, taking the name of Sister Mary Augustine. Her novitiate was one of severe trials, as well on account of her affection for her husband as on account of her children, who were a hea\'y burden to the community then in a state of extreme poverty. Her pious perseverance triumphed, and she became one of the most useful members of the order, serving in the convents of Georgetown, Kas- kaskia, St. Louis, and Mobile, where she died 1 Janu- ary, 1860. She had the happiness of seeing all her children embrace a religious life. Marj', the eldest, entered the Ursuline convent, Mt. Benedict, near Charlestown, Massachusetts, as Sister Mary Bene- dicta, 15 August, 182G, and died in the convent of the order in Quebec, 9 May, 1844. Abigail, Su.san, and Josephine also became Ursulmes. The first died in Quebec, 8 December, 1879, and Susan in the convent at Three Rivers, Canada, 24 Januarj', 1837. Samuel, the son, graduated at Georgetown College in 1831 and immediately entered the Society of Jesus. After his novitiate he was sent to Rome, where he was ordained. He returned to Georgetown in 1840, and died, aged fifty years, at St. Thomas s Manor, Maryland. 23 February, 1864.

De r.oKsBRiANn. rnrtodf Mrmoir,: of Vrrmonl and hiw Hampshire (Burlington. Vermont, 18801; 1-*T"«,"'"' -^ .'^'"i" ot Courage (Boston, 1894); Shea, The Catholic Church in the

United States (New York, 1856); Idem, Memorial History cf Georgetown College (Washington, 1891); U. S. Cath. Him. Soc. Records and Studies (New York, October, 1900).

Thomas F. Meehan.

. Barbieri, Giovanni, called from his squinting, "II Guerciiio"; a famous painter of religious sub- jects, b. at Cento, near Bologna, 2 February, 1591; d. at Bologna, 22 December, 1666. His parents were in very humble circumstances. It is related that he gave such early indication of his great talents that before he reached the age of ten he had painted on the front wall of his home a figure of the Virgin. His first instructor was Bartolommeo Berto<;zi, and when si.xteeu he entered the school of Benedetto Gennari, the elder, at Cento. As a youth he had studied with great admiration a famous painting ( f Ludo\-ico Carracci at the convent of the Capuchins at Cento, which had much influence on his work. Father Mirandola, head of the convent, took Barbieri under his protection, had hmi taught, and secured him commissions.

After spending some time in Bologna, where he studied with Cremonini and Gennari, the young painter went to Venice, where he received the coun- sels of Palma. At Ferrara he painted the portrait of the legate, Cardinal Jacopo Serra, who made him a chevalier. On the invitation of Cardinal Ludovisi, later Pope Gregory XV, he went to Rome. There he did the "Aurora" at the Villa Ludovisi, and his celebrated painting of St. Petronilla in the Capitol. After the death of his papal patron, Barbieri, refusing the invitations of James I to go to England and of Louis XIII to visit France, returned to Cento and established there an academy which was much frequented by foreign as well as native painters. He painted the portraits of the Duke of Jlodena, and after the death of Guido, whose style he imitated, he settled at Bologna, where he died, leaving much wealth.

Calvi. Life of Giovanni Barbieri (Bologna, 1808); Bryan, Dictionary of Painters and Engravers (London and New York, 1903-05).

Augustus Van Cleef.

Barbieri, Remigio. See Gibraltar, Diocese op.

Barbo, Peter. See Paul II.

Barbosa, Agostino, a noted canonist, b. at Guimaraens, Portugal, in 1589; consecrated in Rome, 22 March. 1649, Bishop of Ugento in Otranto, Italy, he died seven months later. Having studied canon law in his native land, he went to Rome. Being without books, his astounding memory served him instead. Sanctity and affability won for him entrance into the libraries of the citv, where he passed long hours reading sedulously and memorizing without effort, so that returning to his room he was able to put in writing the fruits of the day's labour. About 1632 he went to Madrid, where he applied himself to writing and fulfilled various duties con- fided to him till 1648.

Among Barbosa 's many \\Titings, all of which evi- dence intimate acquaintance with authors, .sources, and controverted questions, we mention the follow- ing: "Pastoralis SoUicitudinis, sive de Officio et Potestate Episcopi Tripartita Descriptio" (Rome, 1621; Lyons, 1629; in folio, 1641, 1650, etc.). A similar work relating to parish priests was published in Rome in 1632, Lyons, 1634, Geneva, 1662, Venice, 1705 in quarto. "Varia; Juris Tractationes" (in folio, Lyons, 1631 and 1644; Strasburg, 1652). "Juris Eccle.siastici T^niversi Libri III" (Lyons, 1633, 1645, 1718). All the canonical works of Barbosa were- published at Lyons, 16,57-75, in 19 vols, in quinto, 16 vols, in folio, and again, 1698-1716, 20 vols, id quinto, 18 vols, in folio.

HuRTER in Kirchenlei., s. v.; Wernz, Jus Dccrelalium

(Rome, 1898), I, 408.

Andrew B. Meehan.