Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 17.djvu/738

 THEATINE8 722 THEBES

lime $361,308: cement $3,661,328; mineral waters Recent Legislation and History. — In 1911 $72,175; petroleum $42,891,555; natural gas gasoline much disturbance along the border was caused by the $1,149,441: quicksilver $1,136,508; salt $564,029; revolution in Mexico. Large quantities of arms and sandstone brick $65,102; sand and gravel $716,457; ammunition were smuggled across the border by the silver $490,930; stone $697,540; graphite, manganese Mexican Revolutionists and a detachment of United ore, siilphur, gems, etc., estimatea at $11,626,795. States Cavalry was posted from El Paso to Browns- total vsdue, $77,552,369. The state ranks second ville to prevent such smuggling. Conditions became of the United States in the production of quicksilver, so acute that a patrol along the Rio Grande River was

Communications. — Galveston is an important established to co-operat<e with the United States

outlet for the cotton ^own in the United States and authorities in the enforcement of neutrality. General

as a commercial port is second only to New York. Reyes, a Mexican, was arrested in San Antonio on the

The total shipping business of the Galveston cu»- charge of inciting a rebellion against a friendly coun- toms district for the fiscal 3^ear ending 30 June, try. For further data see Mexico. 1919, was $485,564,493; of this the exports were in In June, 1911, the international committee ap- value $467,869,587. The coastwise commerce of the pointed to decide on the ownership of land within the port is estimated at $400,000,000. Port Arthur had present limits of El Paso, gave £1 Paso all the lands on 30 June, 1919, foreign exports for the year to the north of the boundary line of 1864 and ceded to value of $57,443,660; the value of the imports was Mexico all the lands south of that line. As the $4,684,508. In 1919 there were 610 steamships boundary of 1864 could not be fixed, the actual and 7 sailing vessels at the ports of Texas, with an settlement was deferred. In 1911 the following aggregate tonnage of 1,182,919. The towns of legislation was passed: a law to prohibit the exhibition Beaumont and Orange now share with Port Arthur of prize fights and other immoral shows by means of in the commercial benefits of deep water, all three moving pictures; an Act establishing a new prison being connected by the Sabine Necnes Canal, recently system, makins provision for a board of prison corn- deepened. A permanent causewa^r, over two miles missioiiers and lor the management, control, and in length, connecting Galveston with the mainland, treatment of prisoners, and another Act establish- was opened to traffic in May, 1912. The level of the ing a State Insurance Board. In 1913, provisions town has been raised to protect it from storms. Texas were made for suspended and indetenmnato sen- has 128,960 miles of public highways, 13,000 of which tences for criminal cases and the parole of convicted are still maintained with state aid (1919). llhe total persons, for presidential primary elections in the mileage of railroads is 15,931. otate, a Bureau of Child and Animal Protection, and

Education. — The enactment of a practical com- an eight-hour day for workmen Additional improve- pulsory law for Texas by the thirty-fourth Legisla- ments were made to the Houston ship canal in 1916. ture marked a great victonr for the cause of popular A statutory measure put Texas in the list of pro- education in the State. The greatest single piece of hibition States. The sales provision of this law was school le^lation within recent years was enactcKl declared unconstitutional on the ground that it con- into law m 1915 when the Legislature appropriated flicted with local option, which was incorporated in $1,000 {000 to aid the people to provide for better the constitution. Other provisions of this Act, educational facilities. A recent law provides for a however, were declared void. The federal suffrage county board of education in each county, and au- amendment was ratified on 28 June, 1919, the Pro- thorizes the county superintendent and the county hibition Act, 4 March, 1918.

board to grade and classify the rural schools. The During the European War Texas contributed to the

employment of illiterate children under fourteen United States Army 161,065 soldiers (4.29%). Most

years of age in factories and mines is illegal. Sepa^ of the Texas members of the National Guard formed

rate schools are provided for white and colored cnil- a part of the 36th Division at Camp Bowie, Texas;

dren. In the 1918 scholastic census 1,098,989 those of the National Army, the 9th Division at

children between 7 and 18 (210,278 negroes) were Camp Travis, Texas. The summary of casualties

enrolled. In 1920 the 8401 public elementary schools among Texas men is as follows: deceased, 127 of-

had ^7,869 enrolled pupils and 25,592 teachers: ficers, 2595 men; prisoners, 11 officers, 69 men;

the 2621 public high schools had 107,779 pupils and wounded, 325 officers, 7(X)6 men 4766 teachers. There are also 6 normal schools;

the two most recently established being at Commerce Tlieatines (cf. C. E. XIV— 556b).— A decision of

and Alpine. The University of Texas with 304 pro- the Sacred Congregation of Religious having re-

fessors and 4612 students has an income of about established the Congregation of the Holy Family in

$200,000 yearly. In 1920 its legislative appropria- July, 1916, the province of that name was dissolved,

tion was $925,521: in 1921, $915,789. The School of At present the order is formed by the Itahan and

Mines fwid Metallurgy was established in 1914; the Spanish provinces. The Italian province has three

new department covers education, engineering, ex- houses in Italy and two. in America; and the

tension, and graduate work. Spanish province has three houses in Spain with

The Agricultural and Mechanical College has an en- a total of 130 members. It has three colleges with

roUment of 2759. Grubbs Vocational College at about 1000 pupils. Rt. Rev. Michael J. Cerda is

Arlington and the John Tarleton College at Stephens- the present superior general. He was bom in Spain

vQle, opened in 1917, are its branches. jn 1359, and after presiding several times over the

The valuation of school property m the state is Spanish province was appointed general in 1916. $48,872,283. The expenditure on education in 1920 in that year Rt. Rev. Francis de P. Ragoneee. was $25,185,550. Two junior a^icultural colleges former superior general, died in Rome, were created in 1917. The Praine View State Col- lege (Normal and Industrial) for colored youths had Theatre Movement, Cathouc. See Cathouc 40 professors and 1348 students m 1914. The laws Theatre Movement governing private and parochial schools are as follows:

No part of the public school fund shall ever be ap- Thebes, Diocese of (Thebanensis Coptorxtm;

propriated for or used for the support of any sec- cf. C. E.,XIV — 563b), a diocese of the Coptic Rite in

tarian school (VII — 4). Patriotism must be taught Egypt with residence at Tahtah. The see, established

ten minutes each day in all schools. Bible reading in 1895, is still filled by its first bishop, Rt. Rev.

in ths public schools is neither permitted nor ex- Ignace Ulad^Barzi, bom in Ghirghe, in this diocese,

eluded. in 1867 and appointed bishop 6 March, 1896. Out