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the best known and most frequented of the miraculous Avakubi, Banalya, Basoko, Yanonge. The Pre-

shrines of the Pyrenees. Some regular priests were fecture Apostolic of Adamaua, erected 28 Apm,

for centuries the chaplains of the church. This 1914, had been confided as a mission to the Pnests

church and the monastenr were closed and partly of the Sacred Heart in 1912, was interrupted in 1915

destro^red durinj^ the French Revolution. Fr. and taken up again in 1920. There are 4 mission

Garicoits, bom m the Basque country, 15 April, stations in the prefecture, with the usual works

1797, was sent to Betharram as professor in the attached. More than 20 members of the con^^rega-

school which had been opened in the old monastery tion labor in the Diocese of Santa Caterina m the

in 1812. The school was closed in 1832 and Fr. southern part of Brazil; 4 priests are in the dioceses

Garicoits remained at Betharram as chaplain. It was of Olinda and Recife Maceio in northern Brazil; while

in this year that he associated himself with some 7 other priests conduct the diocesan seminary in

priests and bepan to preach to the siurounding Taubate (S&o Paulo). In Canada they have 7

populations which, during these stormy times, had priests in the Archdiocese of Edmonton with 5 mission

grown up in total ignorance of religion. The number stations established: Chauvin, Wainwright, Viking,

of these priests soon increased and they became the Tofield, and £lm*Cark, the residence of the superior

first members of the new congregation. The religious of the mission. The congregation has 5 priests with the

teaching of youth was as urgent as the missions to the care of four parishes in Sweden. For four years the

old, and a first college was opened near the shrine, priests labored among the native Catholics, Poles

Yt. Garicoits thus became the founder of a preaching and Germans, scatter^ through schismatic Finland,

and teaching congregation. Many colleges were until in 1911, under the intolerant government of the

built by them or passed into their hands, and some Czar, and for the usual pretexts tney were obliged

of the priests went to the Argentine, where there was to leave Russian territory. They now have 4 priests

a great Basque (wpulation. Fr. Garicoits died 14 in Helsinefors, Finland.

May, 1863, renowned for his sanctity. Since his More than 500 students attend the five flourishing

death his tomb has been venerated and many miracles apostolic schools which each year give a certain

induced the Bishop of Bayonne to investigate these number of subjects to the novitiate. The congrega-

facts and begin the process of canonization. The tion has also four houses of philosophy and theology

cause was introduced at Rome, 15 May, 1899, and with an annual number of twenty priests. But many

the heroicity of his virtues was declared 28 Nov., more are needed for the vast work of the missions.

1916. The Congregation received the decree of In the houses of studies at Rome, Bologna, Louvain,

praise, 30 July, 1875, and fimal approbation 5 Sept., Luxemburg, and Breda are received young men who

1877. The constitutions were approved provisionally have concluded their studies at one of the apostolic

28 April, 1890, and definitively 6 Sept., 1901. The schools or at other private and public schools, have

congregation has increased in members and extended finished their novitiate, and wish to continue their

the works of preaching and teaching. The persecu- philosophical and theological studies. There they

tion of late years has obliged them to close many of perfect themselves in the life to which they are

the colleges in France, but others have been opened called. Many of the European houses propagate the

in South America: in Buenos Aires, Rosario. La devotion to the Sacred Heart by preaching and by

Plata, Montevideo, Asuncion. The missions of the numerous publications. Yun-nan have been lately transferred to the Priests

of the Sacred Heart. Thfey have in Spain a house of Saered Hearts of Jesns and Mary, Congregatign

studies for the young members, another at Bethlehem op the (cf. C. E., XIII— 308c). — ^The founder of the

(Palestine), where they were called in 1877 as chap- Congregation, Fr. Mary Joseph Coudrin, died 27

lains to the Carmelite nuns, and another at Nazareth. March, 1837, and was succeeded as superior general

by Mgr. Bonamie who was previously Archbishop of

Sacred Heart of Jesns, Priests of the (of St. Tyre and Chalcedon. He was followed in 1853 by Quentin), a congregation of priests founded m 1877 Fr. Euthyme Rouchouze, who was superior genenu at St. Quentin (France) by Canon Leo Dehon, their until 1869, when Fr. Mareellin Bousquet undertook first and present superior general. They received the the government of the congregation. This was just decree of praise 25 February^ 1885, and definitive before the outbreak of the Commune in Paris, during approbation 4 July, 1906. There are now over 500 which Fr. Bousquet's four assistants were martyred, members^ with 4 novitiates for various nationaUties. They were: Fr. Ladislas Radique, prior of the mother- The special object of the congregation is to offer to house, b. at St. Patrice-du-desert, Ome, 8 May, 1823; the Sacred Heart a worship of love and atonement, Fr. Polycarp Tufifier, procurator of the mother- by lives of zeal and piety. The works of zeal are: house, b. at Malzieu, I^z^re, 14 Mareh, 1807; Ft. the education of youth, preachin^^, missions, and the Mareellin Rouchouze, secretanr, b. at St. Julien-en- evan^elization of native populations of Africa and Jarrets. Loz^re, 14 Dec, 1810; Fr. Fr6zal Tardieu, Amenca. councillor, b. at Chasserades, Loz^re, 18 Nov., 1814.

The congregation has 4 provinces (French Belgian, All four were massacred b^ the communists, 26 May, German, Dutch and Italian), and numbers about 1871, after having been imprisoned since 12 April, 18 large and 20 small establishments in the European 1871. Fr. Bousouet was ordered to dissolve his con- countries. There are 304 priests, 155 seminarians, Eregation throu^out French territory, and imme- 124 lay brothers and 73 novices. At present the diately evacuate the mother-house. This he re- priests have seven missions: two in Africa, at Stanley fused to do, and for twenty-six months he and six Falls (Congo) and Adamaua (Kamerun); three in companions remained, in spite of many privations. America, in the north and south of Brazil and in On 19 June, 1905, he was drag^ from his retreat Canada; one in London; and one in Finland. New and forced to seek refuge in Belgium. All the houses mission work will be taken up very soon in the in France were confiscated, and the communities Dutch colony of Celebes, Asia, and in the near future dispersed. Fr. Bousquet died in exile at Braine-le- also in the United States. The Vicariate Apostolic Comte. Hainaut, Belgium, 10 Sept.., 1911, and was of Stanley Falls was erected in 1908, having been sucoeeaed, 14 Jan., 1912, by the present 8U|>erior established as a mission by the Priests of the Sacred general, Fr. Flavian Prat. Another distinguished Heart in 1897, and erected into a prefecture apostolic member of the congregation was Fr. Damien de in 1904. The congregation has eleven mission posts Veuster. who went as a missionary to Hawaii in 1864, within the vicariate: St. Gabriel Falls, two at Stanley- and in 1873 began his sixteen years of labor among ville, Ponthierville, Lokandu, Beni, Bafwalaka, tiie lepers of Molokai, d3ang a victim to the disease.