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year, but the solemn nuptial blessing is forbidden ecclesiastical institutions. The "Ordo" of 1920 gives

from the first Sunday of Advent till Christmas Day 399 secular and regular clergy; 37 priests deceased in

inclusive and from Ash Wednesday to Easter Sun- 1918 and 15 in 1919. day inclusive; the local ordinary, however, may for

just cause permit the blessing during those periods, Marshall Islands, Vicabiate Apostouc of

while observing the liturgical laws regarding the (Insularum Marchall; cf. C. E., IX— 718c), in

Mass to be said; but the parties are to be admon- the Pacific Ocean, is entrusted to the Ck)ngre^tion of

ished to abstain from too great a display. The tbe Sacred Heart of Issoudun, the present Superior

marriages of Catholics are to be celebrated in the o^ the mission being Rev. Bruno Sching, named in

parish church and not in another church or public November, 1911. Tiiese islands have become subject

or semi-public oratory without the permission of ^ Japan and therefore are dependent on the apostolic

the local ordinary or the parish priest. Local ordi- delegate for Japan, since 3 March, 1921. Although

naries can allow marriage in private buildings only erected mto a vicanate in 1905 this temtory is not

in extraordinary cases when there is a just and yet invested with the full episcopaj character. It

reasonable cause; they are allowed in churches or comprised in 1920, 6 stations, 8 missionary priests, 8

oratories of seminaries or of nuns only in case of Brothers, 13 religious of Our Lady of the Sacred

urgent necessity, when due precautions have been '?^?r*' ^ churches, 6 stations and 6 schools with 225

taken. Mixed marriages are to be celebrated out- children.

side the church without sacred rites; an ordinary tm'«-«4 t^,^^ ^ /xm. * n -c

may, however, dispense from this to avoid greater ty *?fL^^^^*K^^ ^' ^ .'"f^^^L^'L J^'u^"

evili but he iay Sot allow Mass to be celebrated. fcV^'\!? *^e province of Aamla, Southern Italy

Codex iur. can., loi«-33; 1094-1109; Vumino, PraeUct. jur. duectly subject to the Holv See. The episcopal

matr. (1920-21); Aysinhac, Marriage LegUlation. residence IS at Pescina and for this reason the bishopnc

,,, , . ^ is sometimes known by that name. The see is at

Marriage, Mixed (cf. C. E., IX-e98).— Before present filled by Rt. Rev. Pio MarceUo Bagnoli, granting a dispensation for a mixed marriage, which O.C.D., bom in the diocese of Florence, 1859. defini- the Church forbids most severely and commands tor general of his Order, named consultor to the Con- ordinaries and other pastors of souls to deter the gregation of Bishops and Regulars in 1907, then to faithful from contracting as far as they can, there that of the Council in 1908, and later consultor of must be grave and just reasons, and guarantees, the Congregation of Religious, appointed bishop 14

ties that all the children will be baptized and secular and 25 regular clergy, 30 seminarians, 30 brought up exclusively in the Catholic Faith. There Brothers, 60 Sisters and 303 churches or chapds. must be, moreover, moral certainty that the prom- ises will be fulfiUea. As was said above in treating MarBlco Kuovo and Potenza, Diocessb of (Mar- of disparity of worship (q.v.), the parties must cisbnsis bt Patenhnbnbis; cf. C. E., IX-719a), in be married only by a Catholic ceremony. the province of Potenza, Southern Italy. The first -- .„ _ ,,, see is a suffragan of Salerno and the second of Mw»elllOT, DiocBSB OF (Massilibnsis; cf. C. Acerenza. Rt. Rev. Roberto Achille Razzoli, E., IX— 715b), m the Pfovmce of Bouchw-du-Rh6ne, O. F. M,. b. 29 January, 1863, studied at the college France, suffragan of Aw. This see is filled by Rt. of Giaccherino, entered the Order of Friars Minor Rev. Joseph-Antoine Fabre, bom m La Ciotat, 29 August, 1879, ordained 9 August, 1885, provincial France, 1844. ordained m 1867, served as a curate definitor in 1901, custodian of the Holy Land from and rector, made pastor-dean of Roquevaiie 25 May, January, 1906, to January, 1913, appointed to thia 1881, named an honorary canon m 1898 and a titular gee 27 August, 1913, consecrated in Florence, 18 canon in 1904, vicar general in 1906, prothonotary September following, enthroned 21 May, 1914, suc- apostohc 29 January, 1908, vicar capitular m 1909, ceeding Mgr. Ignazio Monterisi (b. 6 October, 1860; and appointed bishop the same year, 29 April, sue- d. 16 February, 1913). The united sees comprise ceedmg Cardinal Andneu, promoted to Bordeaux, 2 24 parishes, 104 churches, 70 secular priests, 1 mon- January preceding. He is assisted by im auxihary, astery and 7 convents for women, 60 nuns, 10 semi- ?*\S^®74>- u"^®l^u P*^^®'' ^i*^^ Bishop of Sora. narians, 2 missionary. societies, 2 homes, 5 a^Iums, In 1921 Bishop Fabre waa named a commander of the i hospital under the care of the Sisters of Charity, Order of Leopold by the Belgian King, and received 2 orphanages. Five public institutions admit the the cross on 6 Mav, from t^e Belgian Consul. The ministry of the priests. Seven associations are first diocesan spod since 1907 was held m 1920 and organized among the clergy and seven among the piesided over by Bishop Fabre, assisted by Mgr. ^en and women. "L'Aurora," the diocesan bul- T^^u iu ^ ^^^ "PP®^ semmanr was opened at St. letin, is published here. The diocese has an entirely Joseph the same year m the former school of the Latin population of 100,000 Catholics. The District Rehgipus of the Sacred H^rt; it comprises a large Catholic Congress was held in 1911 and the chapel the old chateau of the Barony of St. Joseph, Women's Social Week in 1921. a new building, and the old boardmg school, which is

used for the seminarv proper, and a number of small Martinelll, Sbbastiano, Cardinal, b. at Santa building. Dunng the World War 127 priests and 67 Anna, near Lucca, Italy, on 20 August, 1848; d. at senunanans were mobihzed from this diocese, and of Rome on 4 July, 1918. He was the successor Qf this number 21 were killed or disappeared, 6 were Cardinal Satolli as Delegate Apostolic in the United decorated with the MidaUle MilUaire, 44 with the States, became an Augustinian when he was 15. He Croix de Ouerre and 2 with the M^daiUe des Epidemies, was ordained in 1871. After teaching theology in his Latest statistics, collected in 1911 give the total Order he was made Prior C^^eneral m 1869, and re- population of this diocese as 622,056, of whom elected in 1896, and after being made Archbishop of 492,663 are Catholics. It comprises 8 first class, 3 Ephesus in 1896, went to Washington. He was second class and 82 succursal parishes, 115 vicariates, elevated to the Cardinalate in 1901, and in 1909 he 1 church for the Greek Uniat Rites, 1 church for was Prefect of the Consregation of Rites. He was Italian speaking, and 1 for (aerman speaking Catho- member of the Canon Law Commission from 1906 lies, 1 upper and 1 lower seminary, and 3 colleges and till 1917.