Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 17.djvu/410

 nroAFAOiTT 394 nroiA

J|}:?ii: 'feovfr^ 'Il^if'^tk "£iu,'''ik ^LSi trial a former religious, even one who has been

(PhUaddphia, IWl) pp. 67-108; i» Smbt, De aporualibus et expelled, 18 an innovation.

matrimonio (Bruges, 1920), II; Vlaminq Pralectionet juria Codex, jur. can., 111-117.

matrimonii, para iv (1019), and for dispenaations from im- t,<^«— ••**» «r«.^ a ^, »

pediments, op. ctt., para v (1921). incamate Wonl, SiSTBRS OP CeLABITT OP THE (cf.

- ^^ ,- .... . . ., . !_ C- E., VII-705C).— The ConBtitutions of the congre-

Incapacity, a vindicatory punishment, which can gation with mother-house at San Antonio, Texas, be inflicted by the Holy See alone on the faithful, received the decree of final approbation of the Holy in virtue of which a culprit is disqualified from re- See, in April, 1910. Mother M. Alphonse was then ceivmg or holdmg an ecclesiastical office or benefice, the superior general, and in 1912 was re-elected or from enjoying eccleaastical favors not exclu- for another period of six years. In 1918 she was sively clencal, or from obtaining academic degrees succeeded by Mother Mary John, the present conferred by ecclesiastical authonty. It can be re- superior general, who was elected at the General mitted only by the Holy See, except under the cur- Chapter of the Congregation held that year, stances in which an ordinary is permitted to absolve Mother Mary John had been the assistant general m occult cases from censures reserved simply to the since 1906, and for thirteen years previous had been pope. It is mcurred by a person by the very fact mistress of novices. The congregation ha* grown that he becomes mfamous by law; or bv one who rapidly as evidenced by the number of its i^titu- knowmgly consents to his election to a benefice or tions and its personnel. Since 1910, 21 new foun- office in which a laic or the secular power has dations have been made. At present, the institution ilkgally mtervened; or who usurps an ecclesiastical numbers 700 members, and has care of 69 houses, office or benefice or takes possesion thereof before namely 1 college, 18 academies, 31 schools, 5 orphan- showing his letters of confirmation to the proper ages, 12 hospitals, and 2 homes for the ag^. There authority : or who knowingly accepte a benefice, or are 4940 students in actual attendance at the educa- office and aUows himself to be put m possession tional institutions of the Congregation: 400 orphan before it becomes legally vacant; or who, bein| a children instructed and cared Tot; a total ykrly clenc, usurps or retains personally or by another average of 6450 sick persons in the aforesaid ho^ the property or rights of tbe Roman Church; or by pjtalg; and 110 inmates of the homes for the aged anyone who presumes to convert to his owTi use any ^hese foundations are distributed throughout the ecclesi^ical property or to prevent the lawful states of Texas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Ix)uisiana holder from enjoying its frmts; or by a priest guilty and the Republic of Mexico, of solicitation. The penalty is to be imposed on a reverend mother or any of her subjects, who induces Incamate Word and Blessed Sacrament, Ordbk

any member of the community to conceal the truth op the (cf. C. E., VII-706a). ^The houses of this

when she is questioned by the visitor, or who order are independent of one another. There are annoys a member for having answered the visitor, in the United States 154 Sisters, 10 novices and and, likewise, on a reverend mother who after the 14 postulants in charge of 4 academies and 7 visitation transfers a member of the community to schools. These are all in the State of Texas, another house against the wish of the visitor.

Incest (cf. C. E., Vn-717).— Lay persons who

Incardlnation and Excardination (cf. C. E., have been legally declared guilty of this crime axe

VII-704). — Every cleric must be attached to some thereby infamous; if the culprits are clerics in

diocese or religious institute, incardination in a minor orders they may be expelled from the clerical

Eious place being now forbidden. By first tonsure state, while those in major ordera may be deprived e is incardinated in the diocese for the service of of their benefices and deposed, which he has been promoted. Letters of excardina- tion and incardination are invalid unless signed by ladla (cf. C. E., VII-722d), consisting of the the ordinaries authorized to grant them; a vicar whole Indian peninsula and certain countries which general requires a special mandate to issue them; are beyond that area, and which are in close rela- so does a vicar capitular, unless the see has been tion with India. Including only the native states the vacant more than a year; and even then he re- area is about 1302,629 sq. miles. According to the quires the consent of the chapter. However, if a census of 1921 the population was 319,075,132, an in- cleric receives a residential benefice from the ordi- crease of 1.2% since 1911. Of this 164,056,191 were nanr of another diocese, and has the written consent males and 155.018,941 were females. The' ratio of of his own ordinary either to accept it or to leave births in British India per thousand of the population the diocese permanently, he is thereby incardinated under registration in 1919 was 30.24; of deaths, 35.87. in the new diocese. A cleric is excardinated from The registered deaths in 1919 numbered 8,554,178, his diocese by perpetual religious profession. If a of which cholera accounted for 578,426; plague religious in sacred orders has thus lost his diocese 74,284; dysentery and diarrhoea 291,643. The num- and afterwards in virtue of an indult of seculariza- ber of coolie emigrants from India in 1917-18 was tion gives up the religious state he may be received 869. The emigration of unskilled labor has been by a bishop unconditionally^ or on trial for three prohibited. The only colony in which indentured years. In the former case he is thereby incardinated ; emigration still prevails is Trinidad, the system in the latter at the end of the time of trial, which for various reasons having almost come to an end. the bishop may extend, but not beyond another There has been discussion of assisted emigration! three years, if he has been dismissed he is by the The laigest cities in India, with their respective' very fact incardinated in the diocese. A religious populations, are: Calcutta 1,222,313; Bombay 979- who has thus left his order or institute legitimately 445; Madras 518,660; Hyderabad 500,623; Rangoon may not exercise his orders until he has 293,316; Lucknow 259,798.

found a bishop to receive him, unless the Holy Education.— In 1910 a Department of Education See has provided otherwise, but this prohibition was established in the Government of India with does not now bind religious who have made only an office of its own and a member to represent it temporary vows and who have been secularized or in the Executive Coimcil. Thanks to the free in- did not renew their vows — ^they are to return to struction imparted in the monasteries and the their own diocese and are to be received by their absence of the pardah system which hampers the bishop. This right of the bishop to receive, on education of females in other parts of India, Burma