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 HOLY CROSS 377

HOLY OBOSS

from the fourth Sunday of Lent to Trinity Sunday, the opening year of the century's third decade in.

if circumstances so demand. The Paschal Com- elude some 240 priests, 140 professed seminarians

munion may be received in any parish, but prefer- and ecclesiastical novices, 375 professed brothers;

ably in the recipient's; those who receive it out- and 50 novice brothers, side of the parish should tell their pastor that they

have, fulfilled their duty. If for any reason the Holy Cross, Sisters of the (cf. C. E., VII-405c). Paschal Communion has not been received within the — The work of the Holy Cross Sisters is chiefly proper time, the obligation of going to c-ommunion educational, but they also devote themselves to still remains^ the precept, of course, is not fulfilled the care of orphanages and hospitals for the sick, by a sacrilegious communion. The faithful may re- They had charge of military and naval hospitals ceive Holy Communion according to any Rite, but during the Civil War, and cared for the soldiers it is desired that they should fulfil the Easter in the camps during the Spanish-American War. precept in their own Rite. Holy Communion^ On 90 November, 1919, with appropriate ceremonies which may be distributed only during the hours marble markers, ordered by the Federal Govern- may now be received by the faithfm on Holy ment. were placed on the graves of the -Sisters Saturday, but only during Mass or immediately who had been nurses during the Civil War. On 22 after. A priest saying Mass must not give Holy December, 1920, Mile. Louise d'Orbessains, in reli- Communion during Mass to persons at such a gion Sister M. Eugenie, C.S.C, professor of French distance that he cannot see the altar; it may be language and literature at St. Mary's, was declared given wherever it is permitted to say Mass, even a member of the French Academy by the Depart- in a private oratory, unless the local lordinary for ment of Public Instruction and Fine Arts of the lust causes prohibits that in particular cases. French Republic. Commandant G. E. Dubreuil, Holy Cross. Congregation op (cf. C. E., VII- i!^!!iifJy^^**^'^^l'^^ the French Embassy at Wash- 403a) .-The history of the congregation during the J^^^d^ jjlnj^^^ig^l^^ ^^^ "^'^^ *^® decoration.

Holy Cross. Congregation op (cf. C. E., VII- The Sacred Congregation of Religious approved 403a).— The history of the congregation during the of the changes made in the constitutions in con- second decade of the twentieth century is a story formity with the revised Code of Canon Law, 28 of continuous development and -gratifying pro^^ss. April, 1921. The mother-house of the community In the province of Eastern Bengal there has oeen is St. Mary's College and Academy, Notre Dame a notable increase, both in the number of mis- P. O., near South Bend, Indiana. The present sionaries engaged in the work and in the material Superior General is Mother M. Aquina, elected 25 resources upon which that work largely depends. July, 1919, succeeding Mother Perpetua (1901-19), A monthly magazine, "The Bengalese," published Mother Annunciata (elected 1895; d. 1900), Mother in Washington, D. C, is successfully enlisting the Augusta (1882-95), and Mother Angela, the virtual sympathy of thousands of readers in behalf of the foundress of the order in the United States. Fifty missionaries and their flocks; and a foreign mission seven Sisters, of whom 38 are dead and 19 living, seminary, soon to be established in Detroit, Mich., are Jubilarians, having lived fifty years after their will have for its exclusive end the training of youth- religious profession. There are 1055 Sisters working ful Americans for service in Bengal. In the prov- in the Archdioceses of Baltimore, Chicago, Cin- ince of Canada the outstanding feature of the cinnati, Dubuque, New York, Oregon City, Phila- decade has been the somewhat remarkable develop- delphia, San IVancisco, Santa F6, and in the various ment of the "Oratory of St. Joseph" at Mount dioceses. They conduct 74 institutions, including Royal Ward, Montreal. The crypt of a proposed 1 college, 2 normal schools, 19 boarding schools, 44 maimificent basilica has been completed at a cost parochial schools with 13,290 pupils, 7 hospitals of more than a quarter of a million dollars; the with 14,662 patients, and 4 orphan asylums with

S'ft of thousands of pilgrims to the shrine made 169 orphans, mous by himdreds of miracle-like cures, which have been secured through the intercession of St. Holy Cross. Sisters Marianites of the (cf. C. Joseph, invoked by his devoted client. Brother E.. VII-405b).— This congregation, with mother- Andre. The work of the Oratory has the fidlest house and novitiate in New Orleans, La., numbers approbation of the ecclesiastical authorities; and, 150 Sisters, who are in charge of 2 orphanages, 1 as a place of pilgrimage, St. Joseph's shrine on the home for boys, 19 academies and schools in the flank of Mount Koyal already bids fair to rival the Archdiocese of New Orleans and in the Diocese of Canadian shrine par excellence, Ste. Anne de Natchez, and have under their care 5500 children. Beaupr6. Development in the province of the Attached to the mother-house in France is the United States has taken the form of an increase novitiate in New York, in which archdiocese there in the number of high schools conducted by the are 70 professed Sisters and 1 novice, in charge of Brothers of Holy Cross, and the establishment of 5 schools with 832 pupils. Moreau Seminary at Notre Dame, Indiana. The

severest blow to fall upon the congregation for the Holy Cross College. — ^The oldest Catholic college past quarter of a century was the death, in 1921, in New England was founded in the year 1843, by of the Very Rev. Andrew Morrissey, Coadjutor- the Rt. Rev. Benedict Joseph Fenwick, second General of the Congregation. Father Morrissey had bishop of Boston. The bishop was aided by the been president of the University of Notre Dame Rev. James Filton, who in 1838 had established for a dozen years, and Provincial Superior of the the Seminary of Mt. St. James on the hill which province of the United States for a subsequent now bears that name, but was then known as period of a decade and a half. His lamented death Pakachoag, "Hill of Pleasant Springs." Father occurred less than a year after his appointment as Filton presented this institution to the bishop in Coadjutor-General by the General Chapter, held 1842, and on 2 November, 1843, classes were or- at Notre Dame, Indiana, in 1920. At this same ganized in what was still known as the Seminary General Chapter, the rules and constitutions of of Mt. St. James, and on 13 January, 1844, the Holy CJrosB were thoroughly revised and brought first college building was completed, into complete harmony with the New Code of The Fathers of the Society of Jesus were invited Canon Law. The members of the congregation in by the bishop to organize the courses of study