Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 17.djvu/367

 aBEEOB 351 GREEK BAY

modify its Constitution, as suited to the country of Kition, who belonged to the distinct auto-

before 1912, to meet the requirements of a popula- cephalous Church of Cyprus,

tion nearly twice as numerous and less homogeneous. In August, 1920, the Preliminary Meeting of

According to the revuled Constitution of 1911, "the the World Conference on Faith and Order was

religion prevailing in Greece is the religion of the held at Geneva, and rendered eventful by the offi-

Orthodox Eastern Church. Toleration is extended <5ial participation of the Eastern Churches in its

to all other recognized forms of worship; their sessions. For the first time after centimes of isola-

services may be held freely and will enjoy the ^IP^ ^^^y ^^t *^ ®°°i*^, T^*^ the Anglican

protection of law. Proselytism and all other activi- f^jurches and the Protestent denominations and

ties detrimental to the prevailing religion ^re l^^^f^^^.^^^^'^^^^n^^^

foAidden." An addition was madi to Article 2. *^°?/l£^pa^hv^^^^

ff Snf oJ't^^^^^^^^^ iTymen'ThrSL'^nro^ t'hf XtioTb'ftw^J

?j!n„^oS P f • \ ^ ""^ t»^e Eastern and Anglican churches issued by the

CEcumemcal Patriarch. three delegates of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate

For some years past the bishops, m pursuance of Alexandria gives an idea of the conditions under

of a pohcy of raising the social and intellectual ^hjch an understanding among the churches is

standard of the clergy, have been slow to ordam possible; in the actual reunion of Christianity they

?®^.il^®^^^-^*"?^^°^^^^iS®*?**^^^®^^°"^®^ seem to see a problem belonging to a far-distant

m 1910, and receives steadily increasing contribu- future. They advocate a League of Churches, the

tions toward securing a regular salanr for parochial very conditions of which only emphasize the irrec-

clergy and since the accession of the new Metro- oncilable barriers and the radical differences that

pohtan of Athens (1918) no candidate is eligible preclude any union other than a theoretical one.

for ordination unless he has a diploma from a 'po them the reunion of the churches requires a re-

theological school, of which four now exist m turn to the ancient beliefs rather than a hare-

Oreece. Pansh pn^ miwt be married and are brained adhesion to new and unsound systems,

not as a rule, eligible to the higher offices of the The League of Churches, by leaving untouched

Church, which are filled from the monastic or theological problems, could foster feelings of mutual

celibate orders. friendship among the churches and make them useful

The addition of Macedonia, Epirus, Crete, and to one another in social works, but it will not in

the Asiatic Islands to Greece has seriously affected the slightest degree promote the solution of the

the religious conditions of the State. In the new problem of reimion.

provinces about 18 per cent were Moslems and The Cathouc Church in Grebcb.— Greece in-

6 per cent Jews, the latter mainly in Salonica. eluded (1922) the Catholic Archdiocese of Athens

Of the 76 per cent, who belonged to the Orthodox directly subject to the Holy See; the Archdiocese

Church a considerable portion in Macedonia of Corfu to which the suffragan see of Zante and

acknowledged the Bulgarian Exarch and were sub- Cephalonia was united in 1919; the archdiocese of

ject to Exarchist bishops; while others, the Koutso- Naxos and Tinos with its suffragans Santorin

Vlachs, were claimed by the Rumanian Church. (Thera), and Syra, and Chios in Asiatic Turkey;

The Vlachs were recognized by the Turks in 1905 the diocese of Candia in Crete, suffragan of Smyrna,

as foraimg a separate millet, or religious nationality, in 1919 the sees of Tinos and Myknos were united

and had schools and churches of their own. On to the archdiocese of Naxos. The Catholics in the

the other hand those who belonged to the Greek country number 44,265 (1921). For detailed statis-

Church were under the (Ecumenical Patriarch at tics see articles on dioceses mentioned above. Constantinople. The relation of these to the Greek

autocephalous Church in Greece is not finally estab- Green Bay, Diocese op (Sinus Vimdis; cf. C. E.,

lished, nor has any complete assimilation taken VI-777a), is now under the administration of its

place. The provinces added after the Balkan Wars sixth bishop Rt. Rev. Peter Paul Rhode, D. D., who

brought the total number of dioceses up to seventy- was tranrferred to the diocese on 5 July, 1915, upon

four. During the war instead of a single synod the retirement of Bishop Fox. Bishop Rhode was

uiere were two Synods working independently at consecrated 29 July, 1908, when he was given the

Athens and Salonica, besides the independent title of Bishop of Barca and appointed auxiliary

Metropolitan of CJrete. Bishop of Chicago. He was bom in the village

A mixed commission of clergy and laymen was of Wejherowo, Poland, on 16 September, 1871, and established in 1914 "for revising and collating eccle- was brought to the United States when only nine mastical legislation," and published "a Draft of a years old. He received his early education at St. Constitution for the Orthodox Church of Greece." Stanislaus parochial school, Chicago, finishing at St. By this draft the members of the Synod which Mary's College, St. Mary's, Ky., St. Ignatius Col- administers the Greek Church were increased from lege, Chicago, and St. Francis Seminary, six to twelve, the dioceses were remodeled and The religious communities located in the diocese reduced from seventy ;f our to forty-six, the powers of Green Bay are: men: Capuchins Fathers, of the royal Commissioner to the Synod were IVanciscans, Premonstratensians, Alexian Brothers, defined so as to obviate friction, and various other Fathers of the Society of the Divine Saviour, and reforms were indicated, but further action was de- Oblate Fathers of Mary Immaculate; women: Sis- layed by the Great War. Additional confusion ters of the Good Shepherd, Sisters of St. Joseph, was caused by the dissension between the two pro- Sisters of Notre Dame, Sisters of Misericorde, Sis- visional Synods, that of Athens, under the influence ters of St. Francis, Franciscan Sisters of Christian of the King Constantino, having excommunicated Charity, Felician Sisters, Sisters of the Sorrowful and cursed M. Venzileqs, while that of the new prov- Mother, and Sisters of the Divine Saviour. The inces, meeting at Salonica, upheld the Venizelist Pro- diocese comprises an area of 11,583 so. miles and visional Government. After the deposition of Con- has a Catholic population of 149,675. The present stantine, the Metropolitan of Athens and other (1921) statistics snow: 174 parishes; 44 missions; members of the Sjrnod were relegated to monas- 218 churches; 4 monasteries for men and 4 for teries; and the unusual step was taken of appoint- women; 198 secular and 58 regular clergy; 800 nuns; ing as successor of the Metropolitan the Bishop 2 colleges for men with 30 teachers and an attend- 23