Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 17.djvu/324

 PLM ISLANDS 3O8 FINLAND

same year, succeeding Mgr. David Camilli, b. 15 oustricts; 87.73 speak Finnish; 11.79 per cent*

January, 1847, d. 13 February, 1909. According Swedish.

to 1920 statistics the diocese numbers 155,800 Catho- Religion. Vicariate Apo8tolic,--ln June, 1920,

lies; 254 parishes, 300 secular and 93 regular priests, the vicariate apostolic of Finland was erected from

90 seminarians, 62 Brothers, 210 Sisters, 329 churches territory taken from the diocese of Mohilefif and

or chapels. On 26 April, 1914, the diocesan chapter entrusted to the Congregation of Picpus. The first

was reorganized with archdeacon and primicerius. vicar apostolic is Mgr. J. M. Buckx, appointed 17

HJl Islands, Vicabutb Apostolic op (Insulcb ^*^f& ^i^ ^^ Catholia number 1000 and are

FiDzis), Central Oceania. The firet and present ^5,J?V^^ part Fmns; the minority are either

Vicar Apostolic is the Right Rev. Julian Vidafs.M.,? ^™\, 9^™? ^ *^?^^^' -^ ^***i"}-, There are

Titular Bishop of Abydos, who was elected 'on ^ ^^^ *?^.^ ^^"^^^ Pn^sts and 1 lay broUier;

the 13 May, 1887, and consecrated 27 December 2 parishes; 3 churches; 1 mission. The women have

of the same year. Right Rev. Charles Joseph ^ association of St. Anne for work among the

Nicolas, 8. m/ Titular Bishop of Panopolis, 1^ ^^'i. ^^% 'fl'^'"^ o'i^^olP n'^^d^n^'^iJ?^^

elected Coadjutor to Bishop J. Vidal, on 22 August, ''"?^^^-, t"^^S^ ^^l^!^' G^eek Cathohcs

1918, and consecrated on 2 Februai^, 1919. W *^«??*°^Ht^'®IIL^'T*'^'u^^^?^^ *u- , aions have been established in all the principal EDUO^TiON.—Notwittetanding the vast and thinly islands. Viti Levu Vanua Levu Ovalau Taviuni P0P"*ated areas of the country Finland is well Kadavu, and Rotuma. The official residence of advanced in the matter of education ABiUmaldng the vicar apostolic is at Suva, which is the capital *niS'^e!i^'y„J!l^^ introduced into the Diet in of Fiji, and seat of the gove^ent. i?*^;io£n*7^P*ii^ A^i^ }^vS'^ folk-school,

The latest (1922) statistics for the vicariate show:?Inf^S?'!S^!J ^^f'^'k ^* ^^^J^"^^^ ""^ ^1 27 priests (Marist Fathers), who tend 20 central J^iM^'^?^^^^^^ ^. '^'^^7^^

Btatlom^ and about 300 villages; 1 lay brother of {,l^^>ij,ifL'J^^,^ 5^ ^?f5 ^'^^^ ""^"^ ^ the Society of Mary, who su^er^rises the construe IZt^t' A.Tl^^'^^^^!^' There were also 649 tion of new buildiii^, school^ churches, convents,?5??.l°'i"*^r2?^ l"", \^^ T^^ districts, with etc.; 14 Little Brothiri of Maiy (Marist Brothers), }?^L}l^^}^r'i.^ ^f * k**^ "Sfi"^^ of folk-school who have charge of a large boarding and day ^^"^feliT^f . ^' of whom 5448 were Fmmsh and school for Europeans, a boardina^ and day school ^^^^J V"^ 5"^^' . ^^ P"Pll« '^ 'Sl^^"^^' for half-castes tod natives, at Suva, an English S^\ ,^^, }Il'?^Jiy, "^ "^'^^ folk-schools, school for natives at Cawaci and Rewa; 31 furo- S^^Vo. f^-^Jwi'?^' Ji^® ^""^^oSSS^ ^^ *fe'' pean and 63 native Sisters of the T^rd Order ^^^fJ^T^^^Ti"^^ 'V^l^ ^^ f'^'^i^^^li^ Sf Mary, with 16 houses (novitiate for the native If'lf^i^^ **if-^ marks to the dollar). Of the Sisters, at Solevu, Vanua Levu), who conduct the ^ |^® secondary schools, 37 were Finnish and

majority of schools for native girls; 11 Sisters of L^J^^i^IS^qJ^ ^T'^T.'?^^^ • *^^

St. Joseph of Cluny, who conduct at Suva a large S?*, 16.074,300 marlw, ($1.043,7«6). There is one

boarding and day school for Europeans, and a?^® Umversity which was founded m Abo m

day school for half-castes and natives: 14 Sisters JWO and removed to Helwngfors, after having be^^

of the Holy Name of Mary (Marist Sisters), who ^^^ 9^""^ l^, 1827. There is a technical high

have charge of a boarding and day school for ^^^^^^ *? Helsingfors and private high schools

Europeans and half-castes, of a day school for *°? academies in the>rger cities. A Swedish

natives, and of an orphanage at Levuka, schools ^^vereity was ooened m Abo m. 1919 Since 1918

for natives at Cawaci and Ba, 20 native Brothers l}^^ *i^"^ reformatory and ^ mdustnal schools

(novitiate at Loreto), in 6 communities. In the ^V^^. been under the supervision of the school

central stations Brothere and Sisters (European administration; formerly the reformatoiy schools

and native) teach about 1000 children, while^ were under the pnson administration and. the mdus-

the villages 230 catechists give elementary instruc- ^.t.f'}??^ ^^^\^¥ o^"^^^ T'^ administration

tion to about 1700. The churches and chapels ^1,^^}^ *> ^^^ ^^ 8 reformatory and mdustnal

number 67 and the Catholic population is about?S^°°?« f T ^°^® I^^J. i"^^ ^^J^* t^^ subsidiwd

12000 (400 Europeans) *^ pnvately owned institutions for boys and 7 for

¥he Fiji Government (British) has established girls; total expenditure $197,408. Of the 75 kin-

in the island of Makogai a lepers' settlement, where ^^^^^^ ^^ Finland, 4 are Stete, 8 communal,

under the direction of a European doctor 8 Euro- 49 owned by association^ and 14 by mdmduals,

Sean and 6 native Sisters of the Third Order of ^%?' ^^H 2,"iS t^A of ^932 children and an ex-

fary nurse about 350 lepere. A chapel ha^ just pe^diture of $140,140. In addition to the homes

been built for the lepere. A Marist Pother is in T ^ S??^ which were under the jurisdiction

charge of the station as chaplain. ^i. *^® Mimstiy of Social Affairs there are 81

^ ^ children's homes, 21 day homes and work homes,

Finland (cf. C. E., VI-76c), formeriy a grand 8 reception homes, and 30 nurseries, also 16 schools

duchy of the Russian Empire, now a republic, for the deaf, dumb, and feeble-minded, of which

proclaimed an independent sovereign state on 6 11 were State schools and 5 private schools, some

December, 1917. The area of the republic is 129,549 of which receive state aid. On the special schools,

sq. miles; the population (1919), 3,331,814. The the state expenditure was $164,338. The school age

chief towns with their population in 1919, are: in the primary schools is from seven to fifteen

Helsinki (Helsingfors) with Sveaborg, 187,544; years.

Turku (Abo), 56,168; Tampere (Tammerfora), Economic Condition.— The bulk of the popula-

46,353; Viipuri (Viborg), 29,753; Oulu (Uleaborg), tion is engaged in agriculture and farming, leaving

21,949; Fori (Bjomeborg), 17,603; Waasa (Vasa), a very small proportion employed in commerce

24,776; Kuopio, 18,106. Finns who amalgamated and industry. The following statistics show the

with the Swedes to form the present population, acreage sown and the yield of the principal crops

came from farther east; ethnologists class them in 1920: Wheat, 19,275 acres, 7500 tons; rye, 580,593

with the Hungarians. About 78 per cent are blue- acres, 233,000 tons; barley, 278,241 acres, 103,(X)0

eved and about 57 per cent are light-haired. Of tons; oats, 976,496 acres, 356,500 tons; potatoes,

this population 522,608 or 15.69 per cent reside in 192,888 acres, 486.000 tons; hay, 2,386,989 acres,

towns, and 2,809,206 or 84.31 per cent in the country 1,900;000 tons. The home production of grain is