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Powen to the verge of famine and deprived them of the most esBential supplies for a continuation of hostilities. It also kept the seas free for the transportation of troops to the important theaters

01 ^y ft.1*

The loss of British life from the World War was appalling. The whole number of casualties among ail militaiy forces and in all theaters of war was as foUows:

British

Colonials and

Indians. . . Totals

KXLLBD

Offioen

Other Ranka

30,807 7602

466,831 168,703

38,409

635,534

673,943

WOUNDB)

Offioen

Other Ranks

76,132 17,125

1,532,552 421,402

93,257

1,953,954

2,047,211

The missing numbered 64,000, and those dead from various causes 97,000; these fip;ures included the losses of the Royal Naval Division and of the Royal Flying Corps up to 1 April, 1918, making a grand total of casualties from all causes of 2,882,954. The casufidties due to hostile air raids and bom- bardments were as follows: killed, 1570; injured, 4041. The casualties in the Royal Air Forces between 1 April, 1918, and the date of the armis- tice included: killed, 1551 officers and 1129 men; wounded, ^57 officers and 631 men; missing, 1612 officers and 225 men; interned, 45 officers and 39 men.

EngUsb College, Romb (cf. C. E., V-472c), known as the Venerable, is composed of students who are admitted upon application from a bishop of England or the Colomes for the purpose of traininit for the English Missions. At the present time there are about 65 students registered with only one for any diocese outside of England, viz., the Archdiocese of Malta.

The students are obliged to follow the course of studies prescribed by the Gregorian University and attend most of their lectures, philosophy, archeology, history, Greek, Hebrew, mathematics, science. Scripture, dogmatic theolo^, asetica and moral theology, at this university. This leaves only the studies which have a practical bearing on the missionary or parochial work, such as pastoral theology, ceremonies or ritual, church music, etc., to be given in the English College.

The faculty of the college consists of a rector, at present Rt. Rev. Mgr. A. Hinsley, a vice-rector, a repetitore, an ecomus, and a spiritual director. The college possesses a library of 40,000 volumes.

Eperles, Diocese of. See Prjasev.

Epbnun, Saint (cf. C. E., V-498a), was declared a Doctor of the Universal Church, by pontifical de- cree, 6 October, 1920, and his feast fixed for 18 June.

ErdAly, Diocese of. See Transylvania.

Brdington Abbey (cf. C. E., V-n517d).— Due to the war the community of Erdington Abbey had become so depleted that it was impossible to re- store it. Therefore, in 1922 the community was disbanded, and the work of their mission taken over by the Redemptorists. This abbey was founded in 1876 by German Monks of the Beurmese Congregation, and attracted to it certain Englishmen who felt called to a monastic life of more conventual observance than was possible under the conditions of the time in the houses of the English Congre- gation. High Mass and the Divine Office were solemnly and beautifully celebrated daily, much

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of the pre-Reformation splendor of liturgical wor- ship beins restored in the monastic church. Erected into an abbey in 1896, the first and last abbot was Dom Ansgar Hockelmann. Attached to the abbey was the parish of Erdington, in the Archdiocese of Birmingham, with 2300 souls and 2 public oratories. Under the stress of war the enemy nationality of some of the monks made their position difficult, but by arrangement between the British Govern- ment and Cardinal Bourne the community, in part at least, was able to be kept together, until the deoletion of their number made necessary their disbanding.

ISrie, Diocese of (Eribnsib; cf. C. E., V-n518c), comprises an area of 9936 sq. miles in the State of Pennsylvania, U. S. A. The fourth bishop of Erie, Rt. Rev. John E. Fitzmaurice, died 18 June, 1920, after a prolonged illness, and the auxiliary bishop, Rt. Rev. John Mark Gannon, D. D., who had been consecrated titular Bishop of Nilopolis 6 February, 1918, was appointed to succeed him, and installed 16 December, 1920. Bishop Gannon was bom and received his early education in Erie, finally com-' pleting his studies at the Catholic University in Washington, the University of Munich, and the College of S. ApoUinare at Rome. Up to the time of his consecration he was superintendent of the parochial schools and has at all times promoted education. His most recent work for this cause was the establishment of a Catholic preparatory school for boys.

Since 1909 a new cathedral and 3 new churches have been consecrated in the city of Erie. During the World War the clergy of the diocese were rep- resented by five chaplains, three .of whom went overseas, while many others acted as four-minute men. The laity were equally active giving up many young men to the service and over-subscrib- ing every welfare loan ordered by the Government.

since 1909 the diocese has lost many prominent members, among them : Rt. Rev. Msgr. P. J. Sheri- dan, vicar general of the diocese for nearly thirty years; Msgr. Bernard McGivney, pastor at Du Bois for over a quarter of a century; Rev. Joseph M. Cauley, Rev. J. F. Donnellan, chancellor and secre- tary of the diocese; Rev. B. J. Raycroft, scholar ana writer; Msgrs. Michael Decker and James Dunn: Deans Winter and Coonan and Mr. Bernard Veis, Mayor of the City of Erie; and Dr. and Mrs. M. C. Dunnigan.

The religious orders in the diocese are : the Bene- dictines, Redemptorists, Brothers of Maiy, Society of the Divine Word, Congregation of the Mission, Benedictine Nuns, Sisters of St. Joseph, Sisters of Mercy, Felician Sisters, and Sisters-Servants of the Holy Ghost. The Redemptorists, who conduct a seminary and college for young men who intend to join their order, now have 240 students. .

The Sisters of St. Joseph have charge of the hoyt^ protectory, the orphan asylum, home for the aged, 2 hospitals, Academy of Villa Maria and 13 paro- chial schools. The Sisters of Mercy besides having an academy at the mother-house in Titusville, have charge of 8 parochial schools, a hospital in Du Bois, and a home for working girls in Erie. The Sisters of St. Benedict are about to found a hospital in St. Mary's, in addition to the academy which. they now have there; they teach in 13 parochial schools^

There are in the diocese 110 churches with reai/r dent priests; 55 missions with churches and 12 chapels; 181 priests, 142 seculars and 39 regulars; 46 parochial schools; 7 academies for young ladies, with an attendance of 840; 4 monasteries for men; 5 convents for women; 15 lay brothers; 530 sisters;