Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 17.djvu/233

 OOUJB DI VAIi D'ELBA 217 COLOMBIA

ing an unworthy person loee by the very fact the vember, 1010, promoted 8 March, 1920, named

ri^t of nomination or presentation for that time, president of the Union of German Clengy for the

and mider analogous circumstances a college loses Missions 3 December, 1020, and created Cardinal-

temporanly its ri^ht of electing; those guilty of priest 7 March, 1921. He is assisted by two auxil-

simony in connection with the granting of benefices, laries, Rt. Rev. Franz Rodolph Bomewasser, titidar

lose in consequence thereof their right of election. Bishop of Bida, appointed 23 April, 1921, and Rt.

presentation, or nomination, and incur excommuni- Rev. Peter Joseph Lausberg, titular Bishop of

cation and, if they are clerics, suspension. Anyone Thyatira, appointed 1 May, 1914.

who assumes an ecclesiastical benefice, office, or During the World War the city of Colo^oe suf-

dignity on his own authority, or who takes pos- fered severely from areo attacks, and since Decem-

session of or administers a benefice or office before ber, 1918, it has been the headquarters of the

he receives the necessary letters and show them British army of occupation. By the incorporation

to the proper authorities, incurs canonical dis- of neighboring towns and villages (the lajrgest of

ability and is to be punished suitably bv the ordi- which is MuTheim) the limits of the city have

nary; moreover, he must give up the benefice, been greatly extended in recent years^ and it now

office, or dignity; any chapter or body admitting covers a territory of 19,726 hectares, and includes

such individuals before they exhibit their letters a popidation of 663,935, of whom 533,680 are Cath-

is by the very fact deprived of the right of elec- okcs. The metropolitan chapter includes a provost

tion, nomination, or presentation, during the and dean, 10 numerary and 4 honoraiy canons, and

pleasure of the Holy See; finally, anyone accepting 10 assistant priests; the enlarged city counts 64

an office, benefice, or dimity not legally vacant parishes and many churches, cluipels and convents

and allowing himself to be inducted oecomes by of relij^ious orders. By a Letter of His Holiness,

that fact incapable of acquiring it later and should Benedict XV, 29 June, 1921, Cardinal Schulte was

be suitably punished. authorised to found, in Cologne, an Institute of

Codex jwr. can., M81-47. Catholic Philosophy. The same year, the newly

0011. dl Vl d'EU. (C0U.8 H.T..8C,B). Dioc^. SStn,.??SrarcfdiS"li??a &^^-

to Pnncess Clotilda, was appomted Bishop of Biella ^„ •,• ^ Ti«kr.« i^«mo«o««r ♦/^ ro«,v^o horo 90

Sabina, 27 June, 1914, where he served until his 'H^^nmir.^ •nTf^^^^^ Inon«

S^iin&r^^^;^ t^^^f aJm^'U '^A^o^^^^th^^^^^^^^ ....-

SZO^SKS^' «d fcTho?c it^on S t^oi^l TS /'w^rnTwTv S'tlJ

^.'^^ ^n^™'"i4'^B^&^^^ SmrTEeSrl^^^^

^ «w^ Mf;«lu. ^^^^^"^ ^^ ^"^^'*' """^ "^ 1372 are working in parishes, 37 in diciesan ad- churches or chapels. ministration, 40 m diocesan institutes, 16 as pro-

Ooll«g6 (cf C. E., IV-111).— Unless otherwise fessors of Catholic theology, in the University of

provided by common law or the statutes, the de- Bonn, 17 as officers of ecclesiastical organisations,

cision of a collegiate body is given by a majority 12 as prison chaplains, 4 as reformatory chaplams,

vote; if two scrutinies fail to give a majority, a and 201 as instructors m high schools; the regular

plurality suffices in the third voting; but if the clergy number 450. The various educational insti-

voting is then equal, the president has a deciding tutions include : the archiepiscopal semmaiy, where

vote, or in case of elections if he does not wish ecclesiastical candidates receive their final training,

to exeroise it the candidate who is senior in orders, which counted 132 students m 1921 ; 2 theological

or by first profession, or age, is to be considered colleges in Bonn with 678 students, 3 colleges m

elected. Decisions of collegiate moral persons which Neuss. Munstereifel and Rheinbach with 225

affect the members as individuals require the ap- students, the greater number of whom plan to

proval of all. Colleges like other moral personalities enter the pnrathood, 104 high schools for boys,

are by nature perpetual; they become extinct, how- 09 for girls, 6 intermediate schools, 10 traimng

ever, if they are suppressed oy lawful authority or schools for teachers and 12 sectors of small second-

if they have been one himdred years out of exis- ary schools.


 * ^^' Colombia (cf. C. E., IV-121d).— The area of the

O61ogne» Abchdiocbse op (Colonibnsib: cf. C. republic is estimated at about 440,846 sq. miles.

E., 117d), in Germany. This see was filled by According to the census of 1918 the population

His Eminence Anthony Cardinal Fischer, from 6 included 2,745,748 males, 2,941,307 females exclusive

November, 1902, until his death, 30 July, 1912, of 160,436 Indians, a total of 5,847,491. The capital,

when he was succeeded by His Eminence Cardinal Bogota, has 143,994 inhabitants; the chief com-

von Hjirtmann, appointed 12 December, 1912, d. 11 mercial towns are Barranquilla (66,107), Manizales

November, 1919. (See Hartmann.) The present (39,643), Cartagena (51,382), Medellin (79,146), Cali

incumbent. His Eminence Charles Cardinal Schulte, (45,524), Bucaramanga (25,919).

was appointed his successor. Bom in Valbert, 14 Eoonomic Conditions. — Agriculture, — Coffee is

Septemoer, 1871, he studied at Essen and was a the principal export of Colombia, the production

pupil of Doctor, later Cardinal, Fischer, ordained having doubled since 1906. In 1918 it was 1,102,677

22 March, 1^, appointed Bishop of Paderbom 30 sacks; the estimate for 1919 was 1,300,000 sacks.

November, 1909, vicar Apostolic of Anhalt 12 No- About 67 per cent of the coffee exported from