Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 17.djvu/168

 0AKONE8SE8 152 CANONS

the constitutions of the canonesses sent them from carries the title sub-prioress Each house has its Perugia, recited and sang the Divine Office accord- own government, the local superiors being assisted ing to the rite of the patriarchial church of Jeru- by a council, an economist, and a mistress of lay saiem, and gave instruction to little children and sisters appointed by the prioress general every three young girls. The canonesses remained at Kinroy years. The directors o! both organizations meet near Thorn, from 1480 till 1495, and from there from time to time at Bilsen, at Tumhout, or at founded Haeseyck (1495-1520). Kinroy became one of the dependent houses, the mother-house for all the convents of canonesses The canonesses are distingnished by their spirit established in the Low Countries, in France and in of prayer and sacrifice. They devote one hour each Germany, until the French Revolution. These day to meditation, chant the Divine Office or sing were: Nieuwstad near Sittard (1486-06), from it in choir, spend a half hour of recollection daily where they removed to Ste Elizabeth at Li^e, re- in the silence of their cells. The mother-house maining there till the end of the eighteenth century ; at Tumhout is especially devoted to education, hav* Gartzen St. Antoine (Juliers), established in 1490, ing an intermediate school with preparatory section, canonesses from here occupying Henegomve near courses in ancient humanities and preparatory Hasselt in 1507; St. Trond (1539-1798); Vise (1616- classes, a primary and intermediate normal school, 1822); Ste Walburga at Li^ge (1622); Huy (1619); and a school for lace-making with primary classes; Tongres (1640-1797); Bouillon (1626); Malm6dy the institute numbers about 600 pupils. The de- (1627); Waremme (1640); Mariembourg (1629); pendent houses all give primary instruction, and Marchienne-au-Pont (1637) ; Verviers (16^) ; Char- Liege has intermediate and professional courses, leville (1622-1792), re-established in 1818, sup- The convent of the Sacred Heart at Tumhout gives pressed in 1904; Aix-la-Chapelle (1626-1805); primary instruction to more than 1000 students of Maestricht (1627-1797); Paris (Belle-Chasse), re- the working class and has also a school for lace- maining there from 1635 till the end of the making. The Institute of the Holy Sepulchre at eighteenth century; Luyennes (in Touraine) Juliers Tumhout occupies a prominent place in education (1644); Neuss; Ste Agathe at Li^ge (1634-1814); in Belgium. Impelled by pedagogical and ethical Hasselt (1638-1798) ; Tumhout (1622-1798) ; Jupille reasons, the institute, established in a Flemish coun- (165S-1823); Li^e (1642), English community try, has Flemicized its higher education for young which repaired to England in 1793; Baden (1698); giris* so that the students may now reach the higher Bovigne (1699). Of these Warenime, Huy, Verviere, grades without giving up their mother-tongue, which Ste Walburga and Ste Agathe at Li^e, Aix, and required redoubled efforts, and heretofore made Jupille were engulfed and annihilated in the devas- many decide to limit their studies to primary tating flood of the French Revolution. In con- grades The institute has thus ^^ndered a great sideration of their educational work all the convents service to the Flemish population, and set an exam- were aUowed to continue in existence until the P'e which many other schools have followed. A deathof the last member of the community. Baden new foundation is to be made by the canonesses was never suppressed and exists to-day. After the ii Holland, where the religious intend to establish Revolution four former religious re-established a catechumenate in order to devote themselves more themselves at Charleville in 1818. The English ^^ly and more directly to the Apostolate. community of Liege has since 1799 been established Canonesses distinguished for the sanctity of their in England at New Hall, near Chelmsford. Here lives and their seal for the advancement of the they have at the present day a large and flourishing order are: Claude de Moy (b. 1572; d. 1627), widow conmiunity of fifty-three members, under a superior, ^^ the Comte de Chaligny, founded the convent at elected for life, assisted by a council, the members Charleville in 1622; Helen^ d'Enckevoert, entered of which are elected annually. The canonesses, at Vis6 in 1616, founded Maesstricht, Liege (Ste after a year's novitiate, take temporary vows for Agathe), and Hasselt, d. 1658; Bl. Alvema von three years, and are then admitted to final pro- Virmund (b. 1617), professed at Aix-la-Chapelle in fession. They maintain a boarding-school for the ^^35, founded Juliers in 1644. Among the prioresses daughters of gentlemen. of Tumhout were: Sister Marie-Therese de St.

Since the French Revolution the canonesses have Joseph (MonteM) prioress for more than thirty- been restored in Belgium through two different ???"' ^' \^^- ^'^^l ^ane-Agnea des Sts. Anges foundations. That of Tumhout, re^tablished in (Coomans), pnoress for thirty years, organi^d the 1826, by the reunion of seven religious, formerly r"i°fii>°fi-S"'"*iJJ apcordm^ to ancient traditions, professed canonesses of Tumhout, who wished to fi ^^* ?*«*f Marie^oeeplime du St. Sacrament restore it as a mother-house; and Bilsen, founded (Smeywj) elected pnore* at the age of thirty, in 1837 by four religious-.2 formerly professed governed the commumty for twelve. years during

canonesses of Hasselt. one of Ste Agathe (Liege). T^'^^J''^^ ^k """""^^V ?^ ""^'^Tl n"!?^ * '

and one of Maestricht. Tumhout has ten alia- fc"H^ se^Jral houses affiliated Mont Ste Odile to

tions: Meerhout (1885), Baelen^ur-Neithe (1878). S" • "rJf' aI' ^n ^'^rv''* R^^^^^s is Sister

Blauqput (1879), Vosselaer (1895), Meir (1900 Mane Qara du SacreCceur (Van Goubergen^^

Sacrecf Heart at Tumhout (1902), Tongcrioo 1904) &"5^±*^^rJ?.°^^^^^^ ^f^'Sff^^l/'in

Mont Ste Odile (1912), Beeringen (1917), Ste Mar^ ?v,T^n^^^„ Jl^'nf^Tf^^^^^ members m

guerite at Liege (1917). Bilsen has four affiliations : the commumty of Tumhout is 165.

Aiken (1853), Kinroy (1881), St. Trond (1886), OanonB Begolar of the Lateraa (cf. C. £.,

Cozen (1903). In 1888 Bilsen restored the convent III-293b).— The Congregation at present consists of

of Mont Ste Odile, which later became independent, eieht provinces, of which four are in Italy, and the

but deprived of its resources, entered under the others divided according to nationality: French,

dependence of Tumhout in 1912, through Mgr. English, Spanish-American, and Polish. The abbot

Drehmans, Bishop of Roermond. The organizations general exercises jurisdiction throughout the Con-

of Tumhout and Bilsen are similar. Each has a gregation and holds office for six years. Each

prioress general aided by a council composed of provincial has a visitor general, also elected for

four members and a procurator general. The six years, whose jurisdiction is limited and variable

prioress and her council are elected by the capitular according to the discretion of the general chapter,

sisters every three years, though they may be In effect, the visitors are representatives of the

elected for life. The superior of each mother-house general each in his own province, and all together