Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 16.djvu/89

 SAAVEDRA

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SCHATZGEYER

lack of life and spirit. This is especially true of the sepulchral monuments of Florence to which he gave their permanent form. The tomb he built to the Florentine secretary of State, Leonardo Bruni, in Santa Croce at Florence, was used as a model through- out the entire Early Renaissance. Bruni is represented 88 lying with the head slightly turned on a raised sarcophagus in a niche; in the semicircular background of the niche the Madonna and Child are shown with two worshipping angels. Among other works of the same character he designed the tomb of Beata Villana

in the Church of Maria Novella at Florence, that of the jurist, FiUppo Lazzari, in the Church of San Do- minico at Pistoja, a richly ornamented marble doorway in the Palazzo Publico at Siena, and a terra cotta panel representing the Annunciation in the cathedral at Aiezzo.

MuNTz, Hiatoire de I'art pendant la Renaissance, 1 (Paris, 18SS), 104, 306, 423, 543; Bukckhardt-Bode, Cicerone (Leipzig, 1901), 446 sq.: Pastor, Hist, of the Popes (London, 1902—),

I, 43; II, 183; V, 71; VI, 460, 483,

Beda Kleinschmidt.

Saavedra, Fajakdo Diego de, statesman and author, b. at Algezares, Murcia, Spain, in 1584; d. at Madrid in 1048. He made his studies at the Uni- versity of Salamanca where he received his degree in law. After having been the secretary of Cardinal Borgia, Spanish ambassador at Rome, he succeeded him in that position. Saavedra enjoyed the full con- fidence of Philip IV, conducting the political and diplomatic affairs of the latter during the course of thirtj'-five years in Italy, Germany, and Switzerland. His qualities and abilities as a statesman are shown as well in his works as in his deeds. His "Idea de un principe . . . representado en cien empresas" (Ma- drid, 1640), translation by J. Astry (London, 1700), is characterized b}' grace of style, penetrating judgment, and sound morality. The same qualities appear in his "Repiiblica literaria" (Madrid, 1670), translation by J. E. (London, 1827), embodied in a pleasing garb of humour. Other secondary works of Saavedra are: "Corona grttica" (1670), " Locuras de Europa" and '■Politica y raz6n de estado del Rey Cat61ico D. Fernando". A complete edition of all his works ap- peared at Madrid in 1853. Saavedra is not only one of the foremost prose ^Titers of Spain but is also one of the greatest glories of Spanish diitlomacy.

TicKNOR, History of Spanish Literature, III (New" York, l,S.i4), 185: Men^ndez y Pelayo, Historic de las ideas est^iras en Espaila, III (Madrid, 1888); de Pn-nr.xQiE, Ilisloire comparte des litt^ateures espagnole el fran<:aise (Paris, lS.i4); C0RTINE8 T MuRUBE, Ideas juridicas de Saavedra Fajardo (Madrid, 1908); this latter work is prefaced by a ver>' good account of Saavedra's life and diplomatic niisaions.

William Furlong.

Savigny, Karl Friedrich, diplomatist, b. at Ber- lin, 19 Sept., 1814; d. at Frankfort -on-the-Main, 11 Feb., 1875. He was the son of the great jurist Friedrich Karl von Savignj', who was then privy councillor of the court of appeals, member of the Pru.s.sian council of State, and professor at the Uni- versity of Berlin, and of his wife, Kunigunde Bren- tano, sister of the poet Klemens Brcntano. The father was a Protestant, but the mother was a Catholic, and the children were allowed to follow the reUgion of the mother. Karl Friedrich was first taught at home, then attended the French Gymvasuim at Ber- lin, the Collegium Romanura at Rome, and the Col- legium Sob.istianum at Naples. He studied law at Berlin, Munich, and Paris. In 18.30 he became an auscultator at Berlin; in 18.57 he was a referendar in the court at Aachen, in 1840 secretary of legation at London and Dresden, in 1842 at Lisbon, in 1848 at London. In 1849 he was councillor of legations and member of the ministry of foreign affairs, and in 1850 ambassador at Karlsruhe. While here he was able to win over the Government of Baden for the Prussian pohcy, and, as Bismarck testified, "by cautious and tactful hearing to win a conmianding position at Karlsruhe for the Prussian government."

From 1859 Karl Friedrich was Prussian ambassador at Dresden, from 1862 at Brussels, and from 1804 he was minister with full powers at the Diet of the Ger- man Confederation at Frankfort. In 1866 he offered

at the Diet the Prussian motion for the reform of the German Confederation, and when it was rejected on 14 June, 1866, he declared the withdrawal of Prussia, upon which the Austro-Prussian war began. Later in connexion with Bismarck he was plenipotentiary in making a treaty of peace with the states of southern Germany and Saxony. He was the presiding offi- cer of the govern- ment conferences for the drafting of a constitution for the North German Confed- eration, and was a plenipotentiary at the Reiohst;!}! which decided the constitution Thus he per- formed important services in nation- al affairs. In 1868 he retired partially, and in 1871 entirely, from government positions in order to become one of the parliamentary leaders of the Catholics. From 1867 he was a mem- ber of the Lower House of the Prussian Diet, from 1868 a member of the Lower House of the Diet of the North German Confederation, and later of the Ger- man Reichstag, or Parliament of the German Empire. In 1871 he took part in the founding of the Centre Party. He was not particularly distinguished as a speaker, but his knowledge, distinguished person- ality, and connexions were of much benefit to the Catholic cause.

Vnsere Zeit, XI, Pt. I (Leipzig, 1875), 466-69; Allegemeine deutache Biographic, 3. v.; Pastor, August Reichenspcrger, I, Pt. II (Freiburg, 1899), passim.

Klemens Loffler.

Schatzgeyer, Caspar, a foremost opponent of the Protestant Reformers; b. at Landshut in 146.3 or 1464; d. at Munich, 18 Sept ., 1527. For many years he was guardian at Munich, and since 1517 fir.st provincial of the Strasburg province of the Friars Minor, .and defin- itor-general. In 1523 he was appointed inquisitor for Germany. Schatzgeyer energetically opposed the new errors both in word and writing. It is in great part due to him and his confreres that the Catholic Faith held its ground in southern Germany, and that the Bavarian Government strenuously defended its cause. Within a few years he published \iinv;irds of twenty-three works in which he defended the C:itliolic position on such doctrines as gr.ace, the veneration of saints, monasticism, the indissolubility of marriage, the Mass, purgatorj-, etc. His writings have received the highest praise from Jolm Eck, who collected and