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 ROSSELINO

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ROSSELINO

Bishop of Gardar, Greenland. Although Ronnov had made great concessions to Lutheranism, he was imprisoned, hke the other bishops, in 1536, and, un- like them, kept in prison until his death in the Castle of Copenhagen in 1544. The cathedral of Roskilde, the abbey churches of Soroe, Ringsted, and Skovklos- ter (now Herlufsholm), the five-towered church at Kallundborg, the unique fifteenth-century Carmelite Priory of St. Mary's, Elsinore (Helsingor), all of whose buildings are intact, which was the home of the Catholic controversialist Paulus HeUx or Poul Hel- gesen (1480-1536?), and is not even mentioned in any English guide-book, these, the Romanesque churches of Zealand and Rugen, and many other buildings and works of art testify to the importance of the diocese before the Reformation. Of the institutions then existing, the chapter of Roskilde, dating from about 1080, and the chapter of the Collegiate Church of Our Lady at Copenhagen, each consisted of a numerous clergy. There were Benedictines at Ringsted, where, besides St. Canute Lavard, the holy King Eric Plov- penning (d. 1250) and good Queen Dagmar (d. 1212) were buried. The Abbeys of Esrom, Soroe, the home of Saxo Grammaticus the historian and the burial place of Absalon, and Skovkloster, formerly at St. Peter's Nsstved, belonged to the Cistercians. There was an abbey of Canons Regular of St. Augustine at Ebelholt, and the Knights of St. John had a great house at Antvortskov. The Canons of St. Anthony of Vienne had a house at Praestoe. As elsewhere in Denmark, there were Franciscan, Dominican, or Car- melite convents, as well as hospitals of the Holy Spirit and sometimes leper-houses (as at Copenhagen and Kallundborg) in the towns. The Benedictine (afterwards Cistercian) nunnery of St. Mary at Ros- kilde contained the body of St. Margaret of Oele- shove (Olsemagle) near Kjoege, who was beatified in 1176. Another famous local saint was St. Andrew, priest of St. Peter's, Slagelse, who rode from Jerusa- lem to Slagelse one Easter Day according to the thirteenth-century legend. On the Island of Riigen there was the Cistercian nunnery of Bergen.

Copenhagen is now (1912) the residence of the vicar Apostolic for Denmark and Iceland. There are about seven Catholic churches at Copenhagen, Jesuit colleges (of the German province) at Copenhagen and Ordrup, a house of Austrian Redemptorists, a com- munity of Marists, various convents of the Sisters of St. Joseph of Chamb^ry (Savoy) including a novi- tiate, as well as convents of the (German) Sisters of St. Elizabeth and of the Assumptionist nuns. The Jesuits conduct schools (including a grammar school) at Copenhagen and Ordrup; the Christian Brothers have one at Frederiksberg. The Sisters of St. Joseph and the Assumptionist Sisters keep secondary, and the former four elementary, schools, as well as an orphanage. The Sisters of St. Joseph and the Sisters of St. Elizabeth possess splendid hospitals. There is also a training-home for young servants (Mariehjeni) at Copenhagen. At Roskilde there are a church with two priests, a school, and a fine hospital kept by the Daughters of the Divine Wisdom (Filles de la Sa- gesse). At Elsinore there is a church with a school conducted by the Sisters of St. Vincent de Paul. There are also churches at Kjoge, Na^stved, Ring- sted, and Slagelse. The Island of RUgen now forms part of the Diocese of Breslau, and is under the im- mediate superintendence of the provost of Berlin as delegate of the prince-bishop. There is a Catholic church at Bergen.

Lanoebek. Srriptoreii rtrum danicaruw., I (Copenhagen, 1772): III (1774), 205-75; VII (1792), l-lSri: Joroensen, Den nordiske Kirkcs (Inrndlagadse (2 vols., Copenhagen, 1874-7.S). TliAP. DanvuiTk, I-II (ibid.. IflOG, 1898); Kornerijp, Roskilde Domkirke in Danske Mindexmrrrker, II (ibid., 1S77); Aar- baeger far nordixk OUlkyndighed. IX (ibid., 1874), 393-441; second series, III (1888), 114-28; V (1890), 105-84, 30.^-75; XII (1897), 22,')-4fi; Bricka, Dansk biografisk Lekxikon (19 vols,, Copenhagen, 1887-1905); Danske Magasin, IV, R. II

(ibid., 1873), 62-69; V, R. Ill (1893-97), 350-77; Olbik, Absalon (2 vols., ibid., 1908-09); Muller, Vila Lagonis Urne (ibid., 1831-33): Knudsen, Joachim Ronnov (ibid., 1840); Manuate curatorum (ibid., 1513); Freisen, Katholisches liitualbuch der danischen Diozese Roskilde (Paderborn, 1898); Breviarium Roi^kildensc (Paris. 1517); Canon secundum usuni Ecclesi(E Roschildensis (Nyborg, 1522): Diurnale Roskildense (Paris, loll); Daugaard, De danske Klostre i Middelalderen (Copen- hagen, 1830); Kirkehistoriske Samlinger, IV. R. 1. (ibid, 1889-91), 66-91, 741-757; IV, E. V (1897-99), 503-543. 787-794; Metz- leh, Bi.ikop Johannes von Buch (ibid., 1910); Gertz, Vita: Sanc- torum Danorum (ibid., 1908-12), 285-390, 409-45; Helved, De danske Domkapitter (ibid., 1855).

A. W. Taylor.

Rosselino, Antonio di Matted di Doiienico,

the youngest of five brothers, sculptors and stone cutters, family name Gamberelli (1427-78). He is said to have studied under Donatello and is remark- able for the sharpness and fineness of his low relief. His most important work is the monument of Cardinal Jacopo of Portugal in the Church of S. Miniato al Monte, Florence (1461-67). The portrait bust of Matteo Palmieri in the Bargello is signed and dated 1468. In 1470 he made the monument for the Duchess of Amalfi, Mary of Aragon, in the Church of Monte Oliveto, Naples; the relief of the Nativity over the altar in the same place is also probably his. A statue of St. John the Baptist as a boy is in the Bargello; also a delicate relief of the Madonna and Child, an Ecce Homo, and a bust of Francesco Sas- setti. The so-called Madonna del Latte on a pillar in the Church of S. Croce is a memorial to Francesco Ncri, who fell by the stab intended for Lorenzo de' Medici. Other reliefs of the Madonna and Child are in the Via della Spada, Florence, and in the South Kensington Museum, London. In the latter place is the bust of Giovanni di S. Miniato, a doctor of arts and medicine, signed and dated 1456. Working in conjunction with Mino da Fiesole, Rossellino executed the reliefs of the Assumption of Mary and the mar- tyrdom of St. Stephen for the pulpit at Prato. A marble bust of the boy Baptist in the Pinacoteca, Faenza, and a Christ Child in the Louvre are at- tributed to Antonio by some authorities.

MuNTZ, Histoire de I'art pendant la Renaissance (Paris, 1895) ; Perkins, Tuscan Sculptors (London, 1864); Sturgis, Dictionary of Architecture (New Yorlt, 1904) ; Bode, Denkmdler der Renaissance Sculptur Toacanas (Munich, 1905).

M. L. Handle Y.

Rosselino, Bernardo (properly Bernardo di Matted Gambarelli), b. at Florence, 1409; d. 1464. Rosselino occupies the first place among the archi- tects and sculptors of second rank who flourished during the Early Renaissance. As an architect he built the Rucellai palace at Florence from the plans of his celebrated countryman Leon Battista Alberti, and had an important share in the working out of the details. Another striking work is the facade of the building of the Fraternity, della Misericordia at Arezzo which he erected on a Gothic substructure. He won his greatest fame as an architect, however, while in the service of Nicholas V and Pius II. During the pontificate of Nicholas V he aided Alberti in working for the pope's plans resiiecting a new Church of St. Peter and the reconstruction of the Vatican. The choir which Rosselino began was used later by Bramante. At the order of Pius II he built in the pope's native town C;istel Corsignano, later called Pienza, a cathedral, a palace, and a residence for a bishop. At the pope's reqviest the cathcnlral was erected as a Gothic chiirch with all the aisles of the same height, hke the Gothic churches of Austria. He also, at the pope's command, prepared the designs for the P;il;izzo Nerucci and the beautiful Palazzo Picciilomini ;it Sien:i.

Pos.'icliiio shows his great architectural talent in his work :\K sculiilor; his imjiortancc for the sculiitureof the K:irly Hcnai.ssancc n^sts more in the structiu'e as a whole and in the relation of the parts than upon the execution of individual figures, which still showed