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Mispricordia, Siena. This group was awarded the Grande medaille d'honneur at the International Exhibition in Paris. The "San Zanobi" for the fagade of the Duomo, the "Risen Christ" for the Dupre memorial chapel, the Cavour monument in Turin, the bronze bust of Savonarola in his cell at the monastery of S. Marco, Florence, and a number of minor works complete the list of Dupr<'>'s produc- tions. His last work, the "St. Francis" inside the Cathedral of S. Rufino, Assisi, was finished by his eldest daughter and pupil, Amaha. Time failed him to execute the crowning figure of the Madonna for Sta Maria del Fiore. The sculptor left a volume of memoirs of great interest to artists and critics: "Pensieri sull'arte e ricordi autobiografici" (Flor- ence, 1884-1906), tr. by F. Peruzzi (Edinburgh, 1886). Frieze, Giovanni Dupr'^ (I^ndon, 1886); Conti, Del bello net two e dialoghi sull'arte (Florence, 1880); Powers, Giovanni Duprl and his Pieta in Ave Maria (Feb., 1912).

M. L. Handley.

Dwight, Thomas, anatomist, b. at Boston, 1843; d. at Nahant, 8Sept., 1911. The son of Thomas Dwight and of Mary Collins Warren, with his mother he became a Catholic in 1856. He attended Har- vard College and graduated from its medical school in 1867. After studying abroad, he was appointed in 1872 instructor in comparative anatomy at Harvard, lectured also at Bowdoin, and in 1883 succeeded Oh ver Wendell Holmes as Parkman professor of anat^ omy. Dr. Dwight's talent for organization enabled him to effect a needed reconstruction of the Harvard Medical School. In 1872 he published his "Frozen Sections of a Child", and in 1907 "A Clinical Atlas of Variations of the Bones of the Hands and Feet".

He was also a frequent contributor to scientific jour- nals. In the Warren Museum of Anatomy Dr. Dwight arranged a .section of oste- ology which is considered the best in existence, and he enjoyed an international rep- utation as an an- atomist. Long a zealous member of a conference of St. Vincent de Paul, he died pres- ident of the cen- tral council. In 1883 Dr. Dwight married Miss Sa- rah C. lasigi of Boston and eight children were born to them. His "Thoughts of a Catholic Anato- mist "( New York, 1911) is a valua- ble work of Christian apologetics, for neither in his life nor in his writings had Dr. Dwight any difficulty in reconciling faith and science.

The American Catholic Qiiarlerly Review (Jan., 1912); America (30 .Sept.. 1911); Boston Medical and Surgical Journal (4 Jan.. 1912); Anatomical Record (Nov., 1911).

Walter Dwight.

E

Eguiara y Eguren, Juan Jos£, b. in Mexico tow- ards the close of the seventeenth century; d. 29 Jan- uary, 1763. He received his education in the Jesuit College of San Ildefonso of Mexico and later was named rector of the University of Mexico. His learning was extensive, covering theology, canon law, philo.sophy, mathematics, and letters, to which was added an exceptional gift of oratory. Resenting the levity with which the famous Dean of Alicante, Manuel M.arti, had characterized the attainments of the men of letters of the New World in his "epistolas latinas" printed in Madrid in 1735, denying them any merit, Eguiara, determined to vindicate the honour of his compatriots, began his work "Bibhoteca Mexi- cana". He gave it this name because of his love of Mexico and thereby incurred the ill-will of the other Spanish-American provinces. He published the first volume, which comprised the letters A, B, and C, and left in manuscript many biographies down to J. In the preface he refutes the charges of Dean Marti with much spirit and patriotism. The "Bibhoteca Mexi- cana" is written in Latin and, besides the fact that it is incomplete, a certain pomposity of style detracts from its merits. Notwithstanding this it has been extremely valuable, being the first work of this kind published in Mexico and perhaps in the whole of Spani.sh-America. Eguiara was elected Bishop of YucatSn, but resigned the dignity to continue his literary work. Besides the work already mentioned, the complete title of which is "Biblioteca Mexicana sive eruditorum historia virorum qui in America Boreali n;iti, vel alibi geniti, in ipsam domicilio aut studiis asciti, quavis lingua scripio ali(|uid triidi- derunt. Ferdinando VI Hisp.ani:iruni Rcgi (":ith(ilic(i, Nuncupata Mexici 1755", he publislicd " P;iii(giri- cos", printed separately in Mexico (1727-.57); "Klo- gios fdnebrea" (17.5.5-66); "Pra'lectiones" (Mexico, 1746); fourteen volumes in theological and juridical

questions; twenty volumes of sermons and instruc- tions; and several other treatises.

Beristain, Biblioteca hispano-americnna (Ameoameca. 1883); Diccionario encidopidico hispano-americano (Barcelona, 1893).

Camillus Crivelli.

Elbel, Benjamin, a first-class authority in moral theology, b. at Fricdberg, Bavaria, in 1690; d. at Soflingen in 1756. He belonged to the Stra.sburg Franciscan province, was lector of theology, and held high positions in the order. His classical work, "Theologia moralis decalogalis et sacramentahs" (Venice, 1731), passed rapidly through several edi- tions, and has recently been brought up to date by Irenaus Bierbaum, O.F.M., under the title "Theolo- gia morahs per modum conferentiarum auctore clar- issime P. Benjamin Elbel ..." (3 vols., Pader- born, 1891-92). Elbel advocates probabihsm. His doctrine is sound and solid; his style simple and un- assuming. He shows admirable facility in giving exact and lucid expression to abstract principles, and in applying them to strikingly practical cases. The eminent qualities of his work have ehcited praise from all theologians. It is constantly referred to by St. Alphonsus, and has been largely copied by modern writers.

HuRTER. Nomenclator lit., IV (3rd ed.), 163,5; Eubel, 0«- schichte der oberdeutitcken Minorilenprovinz (Wurzburg. 1886); Bee also preface to Bierbaum's edition (mentioned above).

Thomas Plassmann.

English Hierarchy, Reorganization of the. — On 29 Sept., 1S.50, by the Bull " Universahs Ecclesia>", Pius IX restored the Catholic hierarchy in England which had become extinct with the fle.ith of the last Mari.'in bishop in the reign of Eliz;ibetli. West- minster became the metropolit:in sec :in(l its occupant the lawful successor of the ("jitholic iirchbishoiis of Canterbury. The suffragan sees were S(iu(hw:irk, He.xham (changed to Hexham and Newcastle in 1861).