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 DABROWSKl

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DESCL^E

aion to crown the statue. Pius X readily gave his consent, and, in accordance with the pontifical decree ^j^^^' of 21 Dec, 1910, the solemn coronation took place 8 Sept., 1911. The ceremony was attended by the most eminent men of the country. The crown of gold is said to be worth more than $75,000.

Mitre, Hisloria de San Martin y de la emancipacidn sud-

(Buenoa Aire.-!. 1890), abbr. tr. by Pilhinq (London, Estrada. Lecn6ne!i /ie historia argentirux, II (Buenos S). 183; EsPEjo. Vi,in de San Martin: El paso de los Andes (Bueno.s Airps, 1S82) ; (iTERO, Maria y la Republica Argen- lina: Acndemia dr In Plata (Buenoa Aires. 1904); Cath. Reading Circ. Rev. (June. 1.S93); Yani. Otero, andGAMBON in La Semana (Buenoa Airea, Sept. 1911): Cdrbiek, Lands of the Southern Cross (Washington, 1912), 141-2.

William Furlong.

D

Dabrowski, Joseph, founder of the Sts. Cyril and Methodius Seminary, Detroit, Michigan, b. at Zol- tance, Ilussian Poland; d. at Detroit, 15 Feb., 1903. He studied at the Gymnasium of Lublin and at the University of Warsaw. During the PoUsh RebeUion of 1863 he participated in many engagements, and in 1864 fled to Dresden; thence to Lucerne and Berne where he continued his studies in mathematics. Going to Rome, he came under the direction of the famous Resurrectionist, Father Semenenko, and was ordained priest, 1 August, 1869. In 1870 he went to America, and in a letter dated 22 Jan., from St. Francis Seminary, Milwaukee, to Father Semenenko he betrays a remarkable grasp of the demoralized con- ditions among the Poles in the United States, of whom he had actually seen so httle. He urged the Resurrectionists to come to Chicago or Milwaukee and there establish schools of higher education whence they might send out missionaries to the scat- tered Poles. In 1870 he was appointed pastor of Polonia, Wisconsin, where for five years he fought against the unfortunate conditions existing in one of the oldest Polish communities in the United States. LTnable to close the demoralizing inns about the church he obtained by gift from an Irishman twenty acres of land for the erection of new parish buildings and abandoned the old site. In 1879 the rectory was destroyed by fire and in 1880 fire totally destroyed the church and the new rectory. Undismayed, Father Dabrowski rebuilt all. In 1882 failing health forced him to resign and leave for Detroit, Michigan. In 1874 he introduced into the United States the Felician Sisters from Cracow, whose community multiplied its branches throughout the country, welcoming the im- migrants, teaching thousands of Polish children, and caring for a multitude of Polish orphans and working girls.

At the suggestion of Cardinal Ledochowski, who was unable to meet the constant appeals of American bishops for Pohsh priests and ecclesiastical students. Father Leopold Moczygemba, a P'ranciscan who had laboured in America and was then penitentiary of St. Peter's, Rome, went, with papal approval, to Amer- ica and collected funds ($8000) for a PoUsh seminary. Being advanced in years Father Moczygemba felt unable to prosecute the work with vigour, and en- trusted the task to Father Dqbrowski. The latter began the building of the seminary in 1884, and on 24 July, 18S5, Bishop Ryan of Buffalo in the presence of Bishop Borgess of Detroit blessed the cornerstone. The seminary was opened in 1887, and for nineteen years Father Di^browski was its rector. In 1902 it was enlarged, and in 1909 was removed to Orchard Lake, Michigan. Always the champion of authority, his counsel was ever gentle and calm. He was simple, quiet, and retiring, and entirely devoted to the promo- tion of God's glory and the welfare of his fellowmen. A few days before his death Father Dabrowski was compelled to expel from the seminary twenty- nine students for open rebellion. On 9 Feb., 1903, he suffered a paralytic stroke and died, grieved by the ingratitude of those whom he had served so nobly and so long.

li^Lix Thomas Seroczvnski.

Dalby, Ancient See op. See Lund infra.

Dax, Diocese op, an ancient French diocese which was suppressed by the Concordat of ISOl, its terri- tory now belonging to the Diocese of Aix and Bay- onne. It is not certain that the patron of the dio- cese, the martyr St. Vincent, was a bishop. His cult existed in the time of Charlemagne, as is proved by a note of the WoLfenbiittel manuscript of the "Hier- onymian Martyrology". The oldest account of his martyrdom is in a breviary of Dax, dating from the second half of the thirteenth century, but the author knows nothing of the martyr's period. Excavations near Dax proved the existence of a Merovingian sem- inary on the site of a church dedicated to St. Vincent by Bishop Gratianus. Gratianus, present at the Council of Agde (506), is the first historically known bishop. Among the other bishops of the see were St. Revellatus (early sixth century), St. Macarius (c. 1060), Cardinal' Pierre Itier (1361), Cardinal Pierre de FoLx (1455), founder of the University of Avignon and the CoUege de Foix at Toulouse. The, synodal constitutions of the ancient Diocese of Dax, pubhshed by the Abb(§ Degert, are of great historical interest for the study of the ancient constitutions and customs of the thirteenth and fourteenth cen- turies. M. Degert in the course of this publication has succeeded in rectifying certain errors in the epis- copal lists of the "GaUia Christiana". About 1588 St. Vincent de Paul made his first studies with the Cordeliers of Dax, but good secondarj' education at Dax dates only from the estabhshment of the Bar- nabites in 1640.

Gallia Christiana, nova, I (1715), 1035—62; instr,, 173-75; Duchesne, Fastes episcopaux, II. 97, 140-^2; Dufourcet, Les Mques de Dai in Bulletin de la sociiti de Borda, IV (1879), 205-30; LAHABQOn, Le collige de Dax (Paris, 1909); Idem, Le grand seminaire de Dax (Paris, 1909); Degert, Constitutions synodales de Vancien dioclse de Dax (Dax, 1898) ; Idem, Uancien collige de Dax (Paris, 1909).

Georges Gotau.

De Andreis, Felix. See Andrbis, Felix de, Vol. I, 470.

Desclee, Henri (1830 — ) and Jules (182S- 1911), natives of Belgium, founders of a monastery and a printing establishment. Among the religious orders, which at the close of the nineteenth century were driven out of Germany by the Kiillurk-ampf and sought refuge in Catholic Belgium, were the Bene- dictines of a congregation established by the Wolter brothers, two German monks of St. Paul's-witliout- the-Walls. With Dom Hildebrand de Hemptinne, a Belgian monk of that congregation (now Abbot Pri- mate of the Benedictine Order), Jules Descli^e had been a captain of the Pontifical Zouaves. Baron John B6thune, inspired by the same motive :»s the Desck'e brothers for the restoration of Christian art, had attached his school of St. Luke to the Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools: it was there- fore natural for the Desclde brothers to look to a re- Hgious order for the realization of their plan, and the traditions of the Benedictine Onh-r fitti'd in perfectly with their designs. Moreover, a Count de Hemp- tinne had been amongst the foumlers of the first school of St. Luke C1862). Accordingly the brothers chose a