Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 16.djvu/34

 CARDINAL

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CARDINAL

Almaraz y Santos, Enrique, Archbishop of Seville; Amette, Leon-Adolpho, Archbishop of Paris; Andrieu, Paulin-Pierre, Archbishop of Bordeaux; Arcoverde de Albuquerque Cavaleanti, Joaquin, Archbishop of Rio Janeiro; iiaciUeri, Bartolomeo, Bishop of Verona; Bauer, Franz von Sales, Archbishop of Olmutz; Bil- lot, Louis, S. J.; Bisleti, Gaetano; Bourne, Francis, Archbishop of Westminster; Boschi, Giulio, Arch- bishop of Ferrara; Cagiano de Azevedo, Ottavio; Cassetta, Francesco di Paola, Bishop of Frascati; Cavallari, Aristide, Patriarch of Venice ; Cos y Macho, Jose Maria de. Archbishop of VaUadolid; DubiUard, Frangois-Virgile, Archbishop of Chambery; Falconio, Diomede, O.F.M.; Farley, John Murphy, Arch- bishop of New York; Ferrari, Andrea, Archbishop of Milan; Ferrata, Domenico; Francica - Nava di Bontif(5, Giuseppe Maria, Bishop of Catania; Gas- parri, Pietro; Gennari, Casimiro; Gibbons, James, Archbishop of Baltimore; Gotti, Girolamo Maria, O. C., C; Granito PignatelU di Belmont e, Gennaro; Hornig, Karl Baron von, Bishop of Veszprem; Katschthaler, Johann Baptist, Archbishop of Salzburg; Kopp, George, Prince-Bishop of Breslau; Lai, Gaetano de. Bishop of Sabina and Abbot of Farfa; Logue. Michael, Archbishop of Armagh; LorenzeUi, Benedetto ; Lualdi, Alessandro, Archbishop of Palermo; Lugon, Louis- Henri-Joseph, Archbishop of Reims; Lugari, Giambat- tista; Maffi, Pietro, Archbishop of Pisa; Martin de Herrera y de la Iglesia, Jose Maria, Archbishop of Compostela; Martinelli, Sebastiano, O.S.A.; Mercier, Desire-F^Hcien-Frangois- Joseph, Archbishop of Mechhn; Merrv del Val, Raffaele, Papal Secre- tary of State; Netto,Jose Sebastiao, O.F.M.; O'Con- neli, WilUam, Archbishop of Boston; Oregha di Santo Stefano, Luigi, Bishop of Ostia; Pietro, Angelo di; Pompilj, Basiiio; Prisco, Giuseppe, Archbishop of Naples; Rampolla del Tindaro, Mariano, Archpriest of the Vatican; Richehny, Agostino, Archbishop of Turin; Rinaldini, Aristide; Rov6rie de Cabrieres, Frangois-Marie-Anatole de. Bishop of MontpeUier; Skrbensky-Hriste, Leo von, Archbishop of Prague; Vannutelli, Serafino, Archbishop of Porto and Santa Rufina; VannuteUi, Vincenzo, Bishop of Palestrina; Van Rossum, Willem, C.SS.R.; Vaszary, Claudius, O.S.B., Prince-Archbishop of Gran; Vico, Antonio; Vives y Tuto, Calasanz, O.M.Cap.; Volpe, Francesco Salesio della.

Cardinal Vicar. — The organization of the Roman vicariate, as described in an earlier \olume of this Encyclopedia (see Cardinal Vicar, III, 341) rested largely on usage; it was not constructed as a compact whole at one single time. The most important or- dinances respecting it were issued at various times during the course of the last two centuries, showing that for a long time the inadeciuacj' of its organiza- tion, especially as regards the great length of time necessary for the settlement of matters brought before it, had been severely felt, more, however, by the subordinates of the vicariate than by its higher officials. It could not be said that its methods of btisiness were in any way compatible with modern ideas as to efficient management. The lack of har- mony was doubly evident after the entire central administration of the Church had been reformed by the Constitution "Sapienii Consilio", of 29 June, 190S. During the past various difficulties had .stood in the way of a thorough reform of the Roman vi- cariate. Not the le;ist of these was the laok of space- in the former office of the vicariate. It was not until after the purchase of the Palazzo Mariscotti near San Francesco alle Stimmate, which W!is assigned to the cardinal vicar and his officials and arranged for their use, that Pius X w.as able to carry out his long cherished i)lan for a thorough reform of the Roman vicariate.

Pius X published his new ordinances respecting the

administration of his Diocese of Rome in the Apostolic Constitution "Etsi nos in", of 1 Jan., 1912, and the law entered into force, as provided in it, on 15 Jan., 1912, the day it was promulgated in the "Acta Apostolicae Sedis". Of the regulations for the period of transition, which were naturally necessary in so thorough a reorganization, only one need be men- tioned. This is that the former vicegerent (vicesger- ens), whose office and title are in future to be sup- pressed, is permitted as a personal privilege to con- tinue to bear the title as long as he is connected with any of the transactions of the vicariate.

The Curia Urbis or the Vicariate of the City of Rome is now divided into four departments {officio), of which the second is again divided into four sec- tions. The first department (officium) has under its care all the church services and the ApostoUc visita- tion of the diocese. The second department watches over the behaviour of the clergj- and the Christian people. Judicial matters are settled in the third department, and the fourth department is devoted to the economic administration of the entire vicariate. The head of all these bureaus is the cardinal who is the vicar-general of the pope in Rome. His office and the extent of his power are always the same and are permanent, so that they do not cease even when the Papal See is vacant. This fact distinguishes the cardinal vicar as he is called, for the designation is not an official title, from all other vicars-general in the world, and gives him his pecuUar legal position. In the same way it is a noticeable exception that the four departments can carry on their customary business, even when the vicar is not able to supervise what is done on account of the conclave or of some other impediment. Even should the vicar die the work of the departments goes quietly on. Formerly this was not the ease to so large a degree, as is shown by the deputation of 17 Dec, 1876, on the death of Cardinal Vicar Patrizi (manuscript record of the vicariate, "Diverse deputazioni del vicario daU' anno 1759", p. 290).

The head of the first department is a commissary, of the second an assessor, of the third an auditor, and of the fourth a prefect. Their respective rank follows the order given above. Among the offices mentioned in the former article those of the vicegerent {ricesger- ens), the locutii lenens, the secretaiy, and the auditor in the earlier form were abolished. None of (he four new presiding officers of the departments is permitted under any pretext whatever to interfere in the affairs of another, except in purely internal matters of ad- ministration.

First Department. — At present the canonical visitation of the Diocese of Rome is in the hands of a commission of cardinals. The president of the com- mission is the vicar, and its members by virtue of their office are the prefects of the Congregation of the Council and of Rehgious Orders. The secretary of this official board is the commissarj- just mentioned. The first appointee as secretarj' and commissarj- was the former vicegerent (vicesgerens). The archives and compendiums of abstracts of the former Congre- gation of the Apostohc Visitation, which has been suppressed since 1908, belong to the new commission. Even,' five years, the next falling in 1916, a canonical visitation of Rome is to be held without any express papal command being is.sued before the visitation. Six paragraphs (12-17) regulate the det.ails of the procedure to be observed in the visitation.

The treasury of relics (lijisanothcrn), the archfpc- logical commi.ssion, and the committee on church music are included in this department and are under the supervision of the vicar. A commission on ec- clesiastical art has been estabhshed; its competence includes the erection of churches, their maintenance, restoration, and adornment. The first department is obliged to keep an exact fist of all (he churches in