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 CALDANI

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CAMPBELL

Cross of the Order of the Bath, and in 1909 he was made a member of the Irish Privy Council. He died fortified by the rites of the Church, and was buried with fuUmiUtary honours at KiUardrich,Co.Tipperary. Besides the books already mentioned. Sir WiUiam Butler was the author of several important works, chief among which are the military biographies of Sir Charles Napier (1890) and Sir George Colley (1899).

The latter appeared a few months liefore the out- break of the Boer War. He was working at the last chapters of his autobiography at the time of his death.

■Sir William Butler, an Autobiography (London, 1911); Woi/- SELET, Story oj a Soldier's Life (2 vols.. London, 1906); Colville, History of the Sudan Campaign (London, 1887).

R. Urban Butler.

Caldani, Leopoldo Marco .\ntonio, anatomist and physiologist, b. at Bologna, 21 Nov., 1725; d. at Padua, 20 Dec, 1813. He studied medicine in his native city, and received a medical degree there in 1750. He was appointed professor of practical medi- cine at Bologna in 1755 on condition that he was to study anatomy under Morgagni's direction for five years more. Caldani left Bologna apparently on ac- count of enemies and went to Padua, where, as one of Morgagni's best pupils, he was later made professor of theoretical medicine, and in 1771, after Mor- gagiii's death, was made professor of anatomy. He retained this latter professorship until he retired in 1805. Caldani was a zealous champion of Haller's theory of irritability; he is noted for his experimental studies on the function of the spinal cord and for the introduction of electricity in the phj-siology of the nerves. His most celebrated work is liis anatomical atlas, in which he was aided by his nephew Floriano. His works are: "SuU' intensivita et irritabilita di alcune parti degli animaU" (Bologna, 1757); "Lettera sopra rirritabiUta et insensivita Halleriana" (Bologna, 1759); "Lettera sull' uso del muschio nella idrofobia" (Venice, 1767); "Esame del capitolo settimo _dell' ultima opera dii Antonio de Haen" (Padua, 1770) ; "Iimesto felice del vajuolo" (Padua, 1768); "Institu- tionespathologicae" (Padua, 1772, 1776; Leyden, 1784; Venice, 1786; Naples, 1787), translated into German by Reuss (1784), and issued at Prague (179.3), in con- ne.xion with " Institutioncs physiologies"; "Dialoghi difisiologiaedipathologia" (Padua, 1778, 1793); "In- Btitutiones physiologicse" (Padua, 1773, 1778; Leyden, 1784; Venice, 1786; Naples, 1787); " Institutioncs semeiotica;" (Padua, 1808); "Icones anatomicae" with 5 vols, of "ExpUcatio iconum" (Venice, 1801-13).

Wermch-Hirsch, Biographisckes Lexikon der Arzte, 1, 643.

Leopold Senfblder. Call, Diocese of (Caliensis), Colombia, South America, founded on 7 July, 1910. Cah is a city, district, and province in the Department of Valle. The Province of Valle is bounded on the north by the Province of Arboleda, on the south by Santander (Department of Cauca), on the east by Pahnira, and includes the districts of Cah, Jamundi, Pavas, Dagua, Vijes, and Yumbo. Its area is about 4175 square miles, and its chief products are gold, sugar, cacao, coffee, and cattle. The city of Cah, the seat of the new diocese, is situated on a small river of the same name, and possesses a population of about 35,000. It was founded by Captain Miguel L6pez Muiioz by order of the Spanish conqueror Sebastidn de Belalcd- zar on 25 July, 1536. Although many of its impor- tant buildings were destroyed li\' an earthquake in 1885, the city quickly recovered, and the recently built railroad connecting it with the port of Buenaven- tura and the Pacific Ocean has greatly increased its commercial importance and that of the surrounding country. The immense plantations of cacao and coffee," which encircle the city, and its charming suburbs render it a delightful phice of residence. It celebrated the centenary of ils national independence by .an industrial and artistic oxhiliition on 20 July, 1910. Among it numerous modern buildings of im-

portance the beautiful churches of San Francisco (Ionian style) and San Pedro call for special mention. Notable also are: the magnificent convent of the Franciscan Friars; the Colegio Superior de Santa Librada for women; the Presentation School for girls; the asylum for honest, indigent women; and a splen- did hospital. The Catholic population of the new diocese Is about 150,000. Mgr. Aladio Perlaza, for- merly Vicar-General of Cah, was elected its first bishop on 11 August, 1911.

MOIRA K. COTLE.

Camara y Castro, ToiLis, Bishop of Salamanca, Spain, b. at TorreciUa de Cameros, Logrorio, 19 Sep- tember, 1847; d. at Villaharta, 17 May, 1904. His father, D. Leonardo Cdmara, was a physician in this town. Tomds studied Humanities at Burgos, and at the age of fifteen took the habit of the Augustinians at Valladohd, where he finished his theology and was appointed professor in the college. His activity was inexhaustible, and among the many works which he accompUshed during Ms episcopate were the founda- tion in Salamanca of the Colegio de Calatrava for the promotion of ecclesiastical courses, the erection of a handsome ^hurch to San Juan de Sahagun, patron of the city, and of six smaller churches in other cities. Bishop Cdmara was primarily a polemicist and orator. His great learning, extraordinary talents, varied inter- ests, and untiring activity made him one of the most prominent figures of the Spanish episcopate during the nineteenth century. No great work was under- taken for the Church in which he did not figure in the foremost rank, in posts of danger and enterprises of the greatest importance, making him beloved by the Catholics and feared by the enemies of the Church. In congresses, assemblies, the Senate, the press, and in every situation where noble and sacred interests were to be safeguarded, he was to be found. His Lenten conferences, preached in 1884 and 1885, were attended by a representative audience of the most dis- tinguished men of letters, pohtics, sciences, and arts.

Among the numerous works of Bishop Cdmara the following are the most important: "Contestaci6n & la historia del conflicto entre la religi6n y la ciencia de .luan Guillermo Draper" (3 editions); "Vida y escritos del Beato Alonso de Orozco, del Orden de San Agustin, Predicador de Felipe II"; " Conf erencias y demds discursos hasta hoy publicados del Ilmo. P. Cdmara, Obispo de Salamanca"; "Vida de S. Juan de Sahagun, del Orden de S. Agustin, Patr6n de Sala- manca"; "La Venerable Sacramento, Vizcondesa de Jorbaldn, Fundadora de las Senoras Adoratrices."

DEL Moral, La Cuidad de Dios: Biografla del Exmo. ( Ilmo. Sr. D. Fr. Tomds Cdmara y Castro; MuiNos S.vENZ, Semblanza del Ezmo. i Ilmc. Sr. D. Fr. Tomds Cdmara y Castro.

TeODORO RODRicUEZ.

Campbell, James, b. at Philadelphia, 1 Sept., 1812; d. there, 27 Jan., 1893. His father was Anthony Campbell, and his gr;indfather George Campbell, a native of Fiiitona. County T.NTone, Ireland. James w:is e(hic:ite(l at the private school of Gernldus Stock- dale, studied law with Hon. Hobert D. Ingraham, was admitted to the Bar on 14 Sept., 1833, was made a conmiissioner of the district of Southwark the day after his admission, and served until his appointment