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Shensi, Northern, in China. — On 12 April, 1911, two civil prefectures, Yu-lin-fu and Yen-an-fu, with 14 subprefectures and two towns were detached from the vicariate of Central (then called Northern) Shensi, and erected into a new vicariate, which from its position with regard to the old vicariate was given the name of Northern Shensi. The mission is confided to the Friars Minor. The first vicar Apostohc is Mgr Celestius Ibanez Aparicio, titular Bishop of Bagi, who was appointed on 12 April, 1911.

Solomon Islands, Southern. — The Prefecture Apostolic of the Southern Solomon Islands was erected into a vicariate Apostolic on 1 Juno, 1912, its boundaries remaining unchanged. The first vicar Apostohc is Mgr Jean-Ephrem Bertreux, Marist, b. at Saint-Jean-de-Boiseau, France, in Jan., 18.53; ordained in June, 1878; went on the foreign mission in the Fiji Islands, 1879; appointed, 2 June, 1912, and consecrated at Nantes on 28 Oct. following. He is titular Bishop of Musti, and resides at Rua- Sura.

Sudan. — By a Decree of 14 Feb., 1911, the northern limits of the Prefecture Apostolic of Ubanghi-Chari were extended to the 13° N. lat., the new territory being taken away from the Vicariate Apostohc of the Sudan. Furthermore, as on May, 1913, the Prefecture Apostolic of Bar-el-Gazal was formed by separation from the Sudan mission, it was decreed on 30 May, 1913, that the official name of this mis- sion should be changed to the Vicariate Apostolic of Khartum.

Sze-ch'wan, Southern, in China. — On 30 April, 1912, the civil subprefecture of Tsinkyhiem was transferred from the jurisdiction of the Vicar Apostolic of Southern Sze-ch'wan to that of the Vicar Apostolic of Kien-chang.

Taiku comprises Kieng-siang-to and Tij'en-la-to, two civil prefectures formerly part of the Vicariate of Corea (now Seoul). It was erected on 7 April, 1911, and committed to the care of the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris. The first vicar Apostolic is Mgr Florien Demange, b. at Saulxures-les-Salles, France, 2.5 April, 1875; ordained, 20 June, 1898; set out for the foreign mission in Corea on 3 Aug. following; appointed vicar Apostolic, 8 April, 1911; and consecrated at Seoul on 11 June, 1911, as titular Bishop of Adrassus.

Tananarive, in Madagascar. — This new name was given by a Decree of 20 May, 1913, to the Vicariate Apostolic of Central Madagascar {q. v.)

Tientsin, in China. — This is another name for the Vicariate Apostohc of Maritime Chi-li (q. v.)

Zanzibar (Zancuebar), Northern. — In 1860 a mission was begun in the island of Zanzibar tlirough the efforts of Mgr Amand Maupoint, Bishop of St. Denis (Reunion); on 12 Nov., 1802, this was made a prefecture Apostohc under Mgr Maupoint as Apostolic delegate. The mi-ssion was confided to the F'athers of the Holy Ghost on 9 Sept., 1872; on 13 Nov., 1883, it was erected into a vicariate Apostolic, from which were separated later the Prefectures Apostolic of Benadir and Kenia, the Vicariate Apostolic of Southern Zanzibar and on

11 May, 1906, that of Bagamoyo or Central Zan- zibar. It now comprises the British East Africa territory (except the district of Kenia) and the Islands of Zanzibar and Pemba. The chief languages spoken are Kiswahili and Kikuya. There are about 3,000,000 inhabitants, of whoni 44.50 are Cathohcs, and 4800 catechumens; the mission has 34 priests, 22 lay brothers, 8 catechists, 31 nuns (Sisters of St. Joseph, and Dominican Tertiaries), 17 stations,

12 schools with 1000 children, 26 orphans, 1 leper asylum, 2 hospitals, and 11 pharmacies. An agree- ment was made on 24 Oct., 1906, between the Sultan of Zanzibar and the vicar Apostolic by which the bishop was to take care of all the lepers and the poor of Zanzibar, to feed them and care for them, and provide Sisters to look after their wants, while the Government was to build and furnish two homes. The vicar Apostohc is Mgr Emile-Auguste Allgeyer, b. at Rixheim in Alsatia, in 1856, appointed to the vicariate, 17 Feb., 1897, as titular Bishop of Ticeha.

Zanzibar, Southern or Dar-es-Salem, in German East Africa. — This mission was erected into a pre- fecture Apostolic, under the care of the German Benedictines of St. Odila for the Foreign Missions, on 16 Nov., 1887. Previously it had formed part of the Vicariate of Zanguebar (Zanzibar). On 10 July, 1897, its southern boundaries were extended to Cape Delgado, and its inland limits made to em- brace Magwangwara. On 10 Sept., 1902, it was made a vicariate Apostolic, the first vicar being R. P. Cassian Spiess, who was slain by the natives in Aug., 1905. Mgr Spiess was born at Sankt Jacob in Austria, 12 July, 1866. He was appointed vicar Apostolic and titular Bishop of Ostracina on 15 Sept., 1902. With him were slain two lay brothers and two Benedictine Sisters. The name of the vicariate was changed on 10 Aug., 1906, to Dar-es- Salem — the name of the town where the vicar Apostolic resides. The boundary between the Vicariates of Bagamoyo and Dar-es-Salem was modified by a Decree of 7 May, 1913; it is now the line separating Bagamoyo and Morogoro from Dar- es-Salem and Rufiji; then the rivers Ruaha and Umeroke and finally the railway from the Indian Ocean to Tabora. The vicariate contains about 1,000,000, most of whom speak Kiswahili, which language was reduced to writing and a grammar and dictionary of two of its dialects compiled by the missionaries in 1904; there are 3967 Cathohcs, 2600 catechumens, 14 missionary priests, 18 lay brothers, 55 catechists, 11 chief and 36 secondary stations, 66 schools with 2577 pupils, 15 orphanages, and 18 Benedictine nuns. The second and present vicar Apostolic is Mgr Thomas Spreiter, O.S.B., b. at Ratisbon, 28 Dec, 1865; professed, 2 Feb., 1888; ordained, 28 July, 1897; sent to the Zanzibar mission in 1900; appointed vicar, 13 March, 1906, and consecrated at Augsburg, on 6 Dec, 19(X), as titular Bishop of Tha^na;.

Ada Aposlolicd .Sprfi.i (Rome. 1909—); Battandier. An- nuairr. pontifical calholiiiue (Paris, 1909- la); Missiones calho- lica (Rome, 1907); Baudrillart, Did, d'hist. et de giog. eccl. (Paris, 1911— ). . . ,, T-

A. A. Mac Erlean.

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Walsh, Patrick, journalist. United States sena- tor; b. at Ballingary, Co. Limerick, Ireland, 1 Jan., 1840; d. Augusta, Georgia, U. S. A., 19 March, 1900. With his parents he emigrated in 1852 to Charleston, South Carolina, where he was apprenticed to a printer. While working at this trade he attended night school, and saved money enough to enable him to enter as a student at Georgetown College, D. C, in 1859, where he remained until the Civil

War, in 1861, when he returned to Charleston and joined the state militia as a lieutenant of the Meagher Guards of the Fir.st Regiment, Carolina Rifle Militia. In 1862 he moved to Augusta, Georgia, and became one of the editorial staff of the daily "Constitutional- ist", thus beginning a connexion with the press of that city which extended over thirty-two year.s, and included service on the "Pacificator" (1864); "Banner of the South" (1867); and "Chronicle and Sentinel",