Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 15.djvu/97

 TRUCHSESS

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TRUDPERT

an early date the councils extended the peace of God to the Church's proteges, the poor, pilgrims, cru- s;iiiers, and even merchants on a journey. The peace (if the sanctuary gave rise to the right of asylum. I'inally it was the sanctification of Sunday which gave rise to the Truce of God, for it had always been agreed not to do battle on that day and to suspend disputes even in the law-courts.

The Truce of God dates only from the eleventh cen- tury. It arose amid the anarchy of feudalism as a remedy for the powerlessness of lay authorities to enforce respect for the public peace. There was then an cpideniic of private wars, which made Europe a liattlefield bristling with fortified castles and overrun by armed bands who respected nothing, not even ■sanctuaries, clergj', or consecrated days. A Council i>f Elne in 1207, in a canon concerning the sanctifica- tion of Sunday, forbade hostilities from Saturday inght until Monday morning. Here may be seen the Kirm of the Truce of God. This prohibition was sub- si'(|uently extended to the days of the week conse- crated by the great mysteries of Christianity, viz., riiursday, in memorj- of the Ascension, Friday, the day of the Passion, and Saturday, the day of the Resurrection (council of 1041). Still another step included Advent and Lent in the Truce. Efforts wore made in this way to limit the scourge of private war without suppressing it outright. The penalty was excommunication. The Truce soon spread from France to Itah and Germany; the oecumenical coun- cil of 1179 extended the institution to the whole Church by Canon xxi, "De treugis servandis", which uas inserted in the collections of canon law (Decretal III Gregory IX, I, tit., "De treuga et pace"). The problem of the public peace which was the great desid- eratum of the Middle .\ges was not solved at one stroke, but at lea.st the impetus was given. Gradu- ally the public authorities, royalty, the leagues be- tween nobles (Landfrieden), and the communes fol- lowed the im]>uLse and finally restricted war to international conflicts.

Semicho.v, La paiz el la trhe de Dieu (Paris, 1869); Hubebti. C.Hfs und Landfrieden (Ansbach, 1892).

Ch. Moeller.

Truchsess von Waldburg, Otto, Cardinal-Bishop of A\igsburg (l.")43-73), b. at Castle Scheer in Swabia, _'H Feb., 1.514; d. at Rome. 2 April, 1.573. He .studied at the Uni\ersities of Tiibingen, Padua, Pavia, and Bologna, and received hLs degree of Doctor of Theology at Bologna. AX an early age he received ranonries at Trent, Spires, and Augsburg. In 1.541 ho became an imperial councillor and when on an embassy to Rome was made a papal chamberlain. • )n 10 Slay, 1.543, he was elected Bishop of .\ugsburg; in 1.544 he was appointed cardinal-priest of the Title of .St. Balbina by Paul III for settling a long-continued dispute between the emperor and the pope. The icindition of his diocese wsis mournful: the clergy were ignorant and depraved, and Protestantism was widespread. He sought to mend matters by visita- 1 ions, edicts, .synods, and the improvement of instruc- lion. He founded the I'niversily of Dillingen, now I lyceum, and the ecclesiastical .seminary at Dillin- L'ln (1549-55). In 1564 he transferred the manage- ment of these institutions to the .lesuits. In 1549- .50 and again in 1555 he took part in the pai)al elec- tions at I?ome. In 15.52 his diocese was devastated by the troops of Maurice of Saxony. He went once more to Rome in 1559 and was there made the head of the Inquisition and, in 1.562, Cardinal-Bishop of Albano. In 1.567 he held a dioces.an synod at Dillin- gen. From 1.568 he lived altogether at Rome. He was a moral, religious man, of much force of charac- ter, to whom half measures and shiftiness were foreign. He incurred the hatred of the Protest.ants for his prote.st against the Religious Peace of .Augs- burg (1555).

Brau.n, Gesch. der Bischd/e von Augsburg, III (Augsburg, 1814); TRUCHSEsa. Litertc ad Hosium, ed. Weber (Ratisbon, 1892): Janssen, Hist, of the German People, tr. Christie. VI-IX, (London, 1905-8), passim; Weber, Card. Olio Truehsess in Hisl.-pol. Blaiter, CX (.Munich, 1892). 781-96; DuHR. Quellen zu einer Biogr. des Kard. Olio Truehsess vno WaUhurg in Uisl. Jahr- btu-h, VII (Munich, 1886), 177-209. and XX (.Munich, 1899),

Klemens Loffler.

Trudo (Tron, Trond, Trudon, Trutjen, Tru- yen), Saint, Apostle of Hasbein in Brabant; d. 698 (693). Feast 23 Nov. He was the son of Blessed Adela of the family of the dukes of Austrasia. De- voted from his earliest youth to the service of God, Trudo came to St. Remaclus, Bishop of Liege (Acta SS., I Sept., 678) and was sent by him to Chlodulph, Bishop of Metz. Here he received his education at the Church .if St. Stephen, to which he always showed a strong affection and donated his later fotmdation. .After his orclin;ition lie returned to hi.-! native district, preached the ( iosiiel, ;uid Iniilt a church at ."^archinium, on the River Cyliiulria. It was blessed about 6.56 by St. Theodard, Bishop of Liege, in honour of Sts. Quintinus and Remigius. Disciples gathered about him and in course of time the abbey arose. The con- vent for women, established by him at Odeghem near Bruges, later also bore his name ("Gallia Christiana", Paris, 1S87, V, 281). After death he was buried in the church erected by himself. .V tr;mslation of his relics, together with those of St. Eucherius, Bishop of Orleans, who had died there in exile in 743, was made in SSO by Bishop Franco of Liege. On account of the threateneil inroads of the Normans the relics were later hidden in a subterranean cryjit. After the great conflagration of 1085 they were lost, but again discov- ered in 1169, and on 11 Aug. of that year an official recognition and translation was made by Biship Rudolph III. On account of the.se translations the dates 5 and 12 Aug. and 1 and 2 Sept. are noted in the martyrologies. The " AnalectaBollandiana" (V,.305) give an old office of the saint in verse. The life was written by Donatus, a deacon of Metz, at the order of his bishop, Angibram (769-91). It was rewritten by Theodoric, Abbot of St-Trond (d. 1107).

BcTLER, Lives of the Sainls; Wattenbach. Gesrhrrhts- quellen Deulsehl.. 1 (Berlin. 1873), 146; Hat'ik. Kirrh^,,- gesehiehte Deutscht., I (Leipzig, 1904), :iOii IiiiT.iMiH. Kirehengeschiehle Deutsrhl., II (Bamberg, 1869). :;17 -i \i i i u, Heiligenleiieon: Bulletin de la sociil^ d'arl eld'hi^h' ■ /■, 1 < ■ de Liege, XIV (1904). 251; Mabillon, Ada SS. U.S.li., U, lujj.

Francis Mershman.

Tnidpert, Saint, missionary in Germany in the seventh century. He is generally called a Celtic monk from Ireland, but some consider him a German. According to legend, he went first to Rome in order to receiv<' from the jiope authority for his mission. Returning froni Italy he tr:ivclli'd along the Rhine to the country of the .Vlamanni in the Breisgau. A per- son of rank named Otbert gave him l:i,ncl for his mis- sion about fifteen miles .south of Freiburg in Baden. Trudpert cleared off t he trees and built ;i cell and a little church which Bishoj) Martinus of Constance dedi- cated to Sts. I'eter ;ind Paul. Here Trudpert led an ascetic and laborious life. One day when he was asleep he was murdered by one of the serfs whom Otbert had given him, in revenge for severe ta.sks im- posed. Otbert g.ave Trudpert an hcmimrable burial. The Benedictine .\bbey of St. Trtidpert w;is built in the next century on the spot where Trudpert w:i,s buried. The story of his life is so full of legendary det.-iils that no correct judgment can be formed of Trudpert's era, the kind of work he did, or of its success. The period when he lived in the Breisgau was formerly given as 640-643; Baur gives (>07 as the year of his death. The day of his death is 26 April. In 815 his bones were triinslitted and the first biogr;iphy of him was written; this biography was revised in the tenth and thirteenth centuries,