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ing but a painting, and opposed its exposition. Clem- ent VI by four Bulls, 6 .Ian., 1390, approved the expo- sition as" lawful. In 141S during the civil wars, the canons entrusted the Winding Sheet to Humbert, Count de La Roche, Lord of Lirey. Margaret, widow of Humbert, never returned it but gave it in 1452 to the Duke of Savoy. The requests of the canons of Lirey were unavailing, and the Lirey Winding Sheet is the same that is now exposed and honoured at Turin (see Turin).

Among the many saints specially honoured or con- nected with the diocese are: St. Mathia, virgin,

The Cathedral, Troyes

period uncertain; her relics were found in Troves in 980; St. Helena, virgin, whose Ufe and century are unknown, and whose body was transferred to Troyes m 1209; these two are patronesses of the town and diocese; St. Oulph, martyr (second or third centun,-); St. Savinianus, Xpostle of Troyes; St. Patroclus (Parre) , St. JuUus, St. Claudius, and St. Venerandus, martyrs under Aurelian; St. Savina, martyred under Diocle- tian; St. Syra, the wonder-worker (end of third cen- turj'); St. tlrsion, pastor of Isle Aumont (c. 375); St. Ex-uperantia, a religious of Isle Aumont (c. 380) ; St. Balsemius (Baussange), deacon, apostle of Arcis-sur- Aube, martyred by the Vandals in 407; St. Mesmin and his companions and Saints Germana and Honoria, martyred (451) under .\ttila; St. Aper (Evre), Bishop of Toul, and his sister Evronia, natives of the diocese (towards the close of the fifth century) ; St. Aventinus, disciple of St. Loup (d. c. 5.^7); St. Romanus, Arch- bishop of Reims, founder of the Monastery of SS. Gervasus and Protasius at Chantenay in the Diocese of Troyes (d. c. 537); St. Maurelius, priest at Isle Aumont (d. c. 545) ; St. Lya-us (Lye), second Abbot of Mantenay (d. c. 545); St. Phal, .\bbot at Isle Aumont (d. c. 549); St. Bouin, priest and solitary (d. c. 570); St. Potamius (Pouange), solitary (close of sixth cen- tury); St. Vinebaud, .\bbot of St. Loup of Troves (d. 623); St. Flavitus, solitary (563-630) ; St. Tancha, virgin and martyr (d. 637); St. Victor, solitan,- (d. 640); St. Frobert, founder and first .\bbot of Montier le Celle (d. 688); St. Maura, virgin (827-850); St. Adalricus (slain by the Normans about 925); St. Aderaldus, canon and archdeacon of Troyes, who died in 1004 on returning from the Crusade, and who founded the Benedictine monastery of the Holy

i TRUCE

Sepulchre in the diocese; St. Simon, Count de Bar-sur- Aube, solitary, acted as mediator between Greg- ory VII and Hohcrl (iuiscard, and died in 1082; St. Robert, foumicr of .Mule.srae and Citeaux, a native of the diocese (UGl-llOS); St. Elizabeth of Chelles, foundress uf the monastery of Rosoy (d. c. 1130); St. Hombelina, first .\bbess of Jully-sur-Sarce, and sister of St. Bernard (1092-1135); Ble.ssed Peter, an Englishman, prior of .lully-sur-Sarce (d. 1139); St. Malachy (q. v.),arclil)ishiip. Primate of Ireland, died at Clairvaux (109S-1148); St. Bern.ard (q. v.), first Abbot of Clairvaux (1091-11.53); St. Belina, virgin, slain about 1153 in defence of her chastity; Ble&ed Menard and Blessed Herbert, abbots of the mon- astery at Mores founded by St. Bernard (end of the twelfth centurv); Blessed Jeanne, the recluse (d. 1246); Blessed'Urban IV (llS.5-1264); Blessed John of Ghent, hermit and prophet, who died at Troyes in 1439; Ven. Margaret Bourgeois (1620-1700), foundress of the Congregation of Notre Dame at Montreal, a native of the diocese; Ven. Marie de Sales Chappuis, superioress of the Visitation Convent at Troyes (d. 1875). Cardinal Pierre de BeruUe (157.5-1629) was brought up on the BeruUe estate in the diocese. He preached at Troyes before founding the Oratorians. ,\n Oratory was opened at Troyes in 1617. Charles- Louis de Lantage, b. at Troj-es in 1616, d. in 1694, was one of the chief helpers of M. Olier, founder of the Sulpicians. Among natives of the diocese may be mentioned: the Calvinist jurisconsult Pierre Pithou (1.539-1.596), one of the editors of the "Satire M6n- ipp^e", a native of Troyes; the painter Mignard (1610-95), born at Troyes; the revolutionary leader, Danton (1759-1794), b. at Arcis-sur-Aube.

The chief pilgrimages of the diocese are: Notre Dame du Chene, near Bar-sur-Seine, dates from 1667; Notre Dame de la Sainte Esp^rance, at Mesnil-Saint- Loiip: Notre Dame de Valsuzenay. Before the ap- plication of the Ass<iciations Law (1901) there were, in the Diocese of Troyes, Benedictines, Jesuits, Laza- rists, Oblates of St. Francis of Sales, and Brothers of the Christian Schools. Many female congregations arose in the diocese, among others the Ursulines of Christian Teaching, founded at Moissy I'Eveque in the eighteenth centur.- by Montmorin, Bishop of Langres; the Sisters of Christian Instruction, founded in 1819, with mother-house at Troyes; the Oblate Sis- ters of St. Francis of Sales, a teaching order, founded in 1870, with mother-house at Troyes ; Sisters of Notre Dame de Bon Secours, a nursing community with mother-house at Troyes. In the diocese the religious congregations at the close of the nineteenth century had charge of one foundhng hospital, 20 nurseries, 2 orphanages for boys, 17 orphanages for girls, 2 houses of mercy, 11 hospitals or hospices, 9 houses of dis- trict nursing sisters, 1 epileptic home. In 1905 (at the breach of the Concordat) the diocese numbered 246,163 inhabitants, 40 parish priests, 383 chapels of ease, and 7 curacies supported by the State. In 1910 there were 239,299 inhabitants, and 344 priests.

Gallia Christ., nova, XII (1770). 483-532, inslrum.. 247-296; Duchesne. Pastes episcopaui. II: Defer. Vie des saints du dio- cese de Troyes. ei hist, de leur culte (Troyes, 1865) ; Laloee, Docu- ments sur Vabbaye de Notre Dame aia Nonnains (Troyes. 1874); Prevost, Hist, du dioclse de Troyes pendant la Revolution (3 vols., Troyes, 1908-9); Chevauer, Topobibl., 3177-83.

Georges Goyau.

Truce of God.— The Truce of God is a temporary suspension of hostilities, as distinct from the Peace of God which is perpetual. The jurisdiction of the Peace of God is narrower than that of the Truce. Under the Peace of God are included only: (1) con- secrated persons — clerics, monks, virgins, and clois- tered widows; (2) consecrated places — churches, mon- asteries, and cemeteries, with their dependencies; (3) consecrated times — Sundays, and ferial days, all under the spcciid protection of the Church, which punishes transgressors with excommunication. At