Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 15.djvu/95

 TROYES

67

TROYES

John

Archbishop of Dublin

r. nts and tithes, and harried by grinding tithe-prnc- >r.s, the farmers had banded themselves together in a .Mcret society called the "Whiteboys". Going forth at night, they attacked landlords, bailiffs, agents, and tithe-proctors, and often committed fearful outrages. Bishop Troy grappled with them and frequently and sternly denounced them. It was not that he had any sympathy with oppression, but he had lived .so long in Rome and had left Ireland at such an early age, that he did not iinil.- iin.lnstand the condition of things at home, and did not fully appreciate the ex- tent of misery and oppression in which t he poor Catholic masses lived.

The bent of his mind was to su]>- port authority, and he was therefore ready to condemn .-ill violent efforts for reform, and liad no hesitation in denouncing not only all secret .so- '•ii'ties in Ireland, >ut also "our .Vmerican fellow- subjects, seduced by specious no- tions of liberty ". This made him unpopular with the masses, but there could be no doubt that he was zealous in correcting abuses in his diocese and in promoting education. So well was this recognized at Rome that in 1781, in consequence of some serious troubles which had arisen between the primate and his clergj', Dr. Trov was ajipointed Administrator of Armagh. This office he held till 1782. In 1786 he was appointed Archbishop of Dublin. At Dublin, as at Ossory, he showed his zeal for religion, his sym- pathy with authority, and his distrust of popular movements, especially when violent means were em- ployed; in 1798 he issued a sentence of excommunica- tion against all those of his flock who would join the rebellion. He was also one of the most determined supporters of the Union. In 1799 he agreed to accept the veto of government on the appointment of Irish bishops; and even when the other bishops, finding that they had been tricked by Pitt and Castlereagh, repudiated the veto. Dr. Troy continued to favour it. The last years of his life were uneventful.

Brady. Episcopal Succession (Rome. 1876) ; Carhioan, History of the Diocese of Ossory (Dublin, 1905) : D'Alton, History of the Archbishops of Dublin (Dublin. 1838); Wyse. History of the Catholic. Association (London, 1829): Mora.n, Spicilegium Os- toriense (Dublin. 1S74-84).

E. A. D'Alton.

Troyes, Diocese of (Trecensis), comprises the Department of Aube. Re-established in 1802 as Bufiragan of Paris, it then comprised the Departments of Aube and Yonne, and its bishop had the titles of Troyes, Auxerre, and Chdlons-sur-Marne. In 1822 the See of Chdlons was created and the Bishop of Troyes lost that title. When Sens was made an archdiocese the title of Auxerre went to it and Troyes lost also the Department of Yonne, which became the Archdiocese of Sens. The Diocese of Troyes at present covers, be- sides the ancient diocesan limits, 116 parishes of the ancient Diocese of Langres, and 20 belonging to the ancient Diocese of Sens. Since 1822 Troyes is a suf- fragan of Sens.

The catalogue of bishops of Troyes, known since the ninth century, is, in the opinion of Duchesne, worthy of confidence. The first bishop, St. Amator, seems to have preceded by a few years Bishop Optatianus who

probably ruled the diocese about 344. Among his .successors are: St. Melanius (Melain) (390-400); St Ursus (Ours) (126); St. Lupus (Loup) (426-478), b. in 383, who accoiiipauicd St. Gcrmanus of Auxerre to Eng- land, forced the Huns to spare Troyes, was led away as a hostage by Attila and only returned to his diocese after many years of exile; St. Camelianus (479-5.36); St. Vincent (536-46) ; St. Leuconius (Leucon) (651-.56) ; St. Bobinus (Bobin) (750-66), previously Abbot of Monstier la Celle; St. Prudentius (845-61), who wrote against Gottschalk and Johannes Scotus; Blessed Manasses (985-93); .Jacques B6nigne Bossuet (1716- 42), nephew of the great Bossuet; Etienne-Antoine de Boulogne (1809-25); Pierre-Louis Coeur, the preacher (lS49-(50).

Louis the Stammerer in 878 received at Troyes the imperial crown from thehandsof Pope John VIII. At the end of the ninth century the counts of Champagne chose Troyes as their capital. In 12X5. whrn Philip the Fair united Champagne to the royal domain, the town kept a number of privileges. John the learless, Duke of Burgundy •■md ;illy of the English, aimed in 1417 at making Troyi's tin'' capital of France, and he came to an understanding with Isabeau of Bavaria, wife of Charles VI of France, that a court, council, anil parliament with comptroller's offices should be established at Troyes. It was at Troyes, then in the hands of the Burgundians, that on 21 May. 1120, the treaty was signed by which Henry VI of I'jigland was betrothed to Catherine, daughter of Charles \'I, and was to succeed him to the detriment of the dauphin. The dauphin, afterwards Charles VII, and Blessed Joan of Arc recovered the town of Troyes in 1429 The cathedral of Troyes is a fine Gothic structure begun in the twelfth, and completed in the fifteenth, century; the ancient collegiate Church of St. Urban is a Gothic building who.se lightness of treatment re- minds one of La Sainte Chapolle at Paris. It was built by Urban IV at the close of the thirteenth cen- tury. He was a native of Troyes and on one of the stained-glass windows he caused his father to be de- picted, working at his trade of tailor. The Abbey of Nesle la Riposte was founded before 545 near Villen- auxe, perhaps by Queen Clotilde. In the sixteenth century the monks caused to be rebuilt at Villenauxe, with the actual stones which they brought from Nesle, the original doorway of Nesle Abbey, an interesting monument of I'rench history. The Benedictine Ma- billon undertook to interpret its carvings, among which might be seen the statue of a reine pedauque (i. e. a web-footed queen) supposed to be St. Clo- tilde. The Abbey of Notre Dame ,aux Nonnains, founded by St. Leucon, wiis an important abbey for women. Alcuin .and St. Benuard corresponded with its abbesses. At his installation the bishoj) went to the abbey on the previous evening; I he bed ho slept on became his property, but the nnile on which he rode became the property of the abbess. The abbess led the bishop by the hand into the chapter hall; she put on his mitre, offered him his crozier, and in return the bishop promised to respect the rights of the abbey. The Jansenists in the eighteenth century made a great noise over the pretended cure by the deacon Paris of Marie Madeleine de Megrigny, a nun of Notre Dame aux Nonnains. The part of the Diocese of Troyes which formerly belonged to the Diocese of Langres contained the famous Abbey of Clairvaux (q. v.). Concerning the Abbey of the Paraclete, founded by Abelard and in which the Abbess Heloise (lied in 1163, and where her body and that of Abelard were buried until 1792, see Abelakd. On 20 June, 1353, Geoffroy de Cliarny, Ix)rd of Savoisy and Lirey, founded at Lirey in honour of the Annunciation a col- legiate church with six canonries, and in this church he exposed for veneration the Holy Winding Sheet. Opposition arose on the part of the Bishop of Troyes, who declared after due inquirj' that the relic was noth-