Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 15.djvu/845

 ZWIRNER

775

ZWIRNER

3t multig adiectis, qua> hactenus visa non sunt" (4 fol. vols., Zurich, 1545; reprinted, 1581). The first jomplete edition was edited by Melchior Schuler ind Johannes Schulthess (8 vols., Zurich, 1828-42). Volumes VII and VIII, containing Zwingli's correspondence, are especially important. A new sdition of his complete works prepared by Emil Kgh (d. 1908), (ieorge Finsler, and Walt her Kohler is appearing in the "Corpus Reformatorum", LXXXVIII (Berlin, 1905); three volumes I, II, md VII, have already (1912) appeared.

For conteraporao' hi-storj" see: Eidgenossische Ahschiede 1631- '632, IV, sect. I .\ and I B. ed. Strickleb; Idem, Aktensammlung
 * uT schweiz. Reformationsoesch. in den Jahren 152/-5.? (5 vols.,

Zurich, 1878-84); Eau. Aktensammlung z. Gesch. der Ziircher ieformation (Zurich, 1879); Archir. /Hr die schweiz. Reforma- iansge^ch. (3 vols., Solothurn. 1868-76); Qxtellen zur schweiz. ^e/ortnationsgesch. (Basle, 1901).

The principal biographies are: MoniKOFER, Ul. Zidngli nach ten urkundlichen Quelten {2 vols., Leipzig, lS67-fi9); Stahelin, 'i. Zunngli, sein Leben u. Wirken nach den Qitcllen dargesleUt 2 -vols., Basle, 1895-97) ; J.icKsoN, Huldreich Zwingli, the Re- ormer of German Su>it2eTland (New York and London, 1901); ilMPSON, Utrich Zwingli, .\ Life of the Swiss Patriot and Reformer London. 1903). There is no biography written from the Catholic tandpoint. Cf. also Dier\uer, Gesch. der schweiz. Eidgenos- enschaft. III (Zurich, 1887-1907) ; 1 sqq.. containing good bibliog- aphy, HiiRBiN, Handbnch der Schweizergesch., II (1908), 99 sqq.; ''LEI8CHUN, Sludien u. Beitrage zur schweiz. Kirchengesch., Ill 1903), 3sqq.;Eou, ScAweir. Reformationsgesch., I (Zurich, 1910). ^ catalogue of the writings by and concerning Zwingli is 3ven bv Finsler, Zwingli-Bihliographie (Zurich, 1897), supple- nentcd in the periodical Zwingliana, I (1902). There is no omplete edition of Bullinger's works. Of special impor- ance are the Diarium of the years 1504-74, ed. EoLi in }ueUen zur schweiz. Reformationsgesch., II (1904), and Schweizer. ieformationsgesch., ed. HoTTlNOER and Voqeli (.S vols., 1838- rO). Cf. Carl Pestalozzi, Heinrich Bullinger, Leben u. ausge- ^Ue Schriftenn der Vdter u. Begrtinder der reformicrten Kirche, ' (1858): VON Schulthess-Rechberq. Heinrich Bullinger, ler Nachfolger Zwinglis (Halle, 1904); Paolcs, //. Bullinger \. sein Toleranzideen in Histor. Jahrbuch, XXVI (1905), 176-87; Ieer in Realencycl. fUr prot. Theol, III (3rd ed., 1897), i36-49; Bullingers Korrespondenz mit den GraubUndnem 1.533- '5, published in 3 parts, bv Schiess in Quellen zur schweiz. Jesch., XXIII-XX (1904-Ofi); Schiesb, Bullingers Brief- lechsel mit Vadien in Jahrbuch far schweiz. Gesch., XXXI 1906), 23-68.

WiLHELM Jos. Meter.

Zwirner, E«nst Fhiedruh, architect, b. at Jak- obswalde in Sile-sia in 1S02; d. at Cologne in 1861. He studied at Breslau and Berlin, and worked at the latter place under Schinkel. From 1833 he was the architect of the cathedral at Cologne. At Cologne he was next to Statz the most important practical representative of Gothic architecture. P'rom the time it was rcrognizrd that the completion of the great cathedral at Cologne was the task which would bring the highest honour to thoGot hie sty If,, Schinkel's school was drawn on for men to carry out the work, first Ahlert, and after his death, Zwirner being called to Cologne. Before long more confidence was placed in Zwirner than had been given to his predecessor, be- cause he showed a more perceptive grasp of the work of the old masters. After the work of restoration was finished, he presented his plans for the completion of the structure in 1841 to King Frederick William IV; upon the approval of the plans the work began the next year. However, neither Zwirner, nor his able successor Voigtel, who completed the work, succeeded in uniting the charm of free play of imagination with technical correctness and architectural sequence. There is no doubt that Zwirner was one of the finest judges of the medieval style. What he had learned in his work on the cathedral of Cologne he used in designs of his own with the same fine skill and energy. His best building is probably the church of St. Apol- linaris at Remagen, to which, however, the same objection of monotony of plan has been made. He also built a church at ISIulheim on the Rhine, and one at Elberfeld. He restored the castle of Argcnfels on the Rhine, built the castle of Herdringen in the style of the ancient fortress castles on the Rhine for Count von Fiirstenberg, and also the castle of Moyland near Cleves. His last work w^as the synagogue at Cologne.

GUHUTT, Deut.iche Kunst des X7A'. Jahrh. (Berlin, 1899);

ScHMiD, Kunstgesch. des XIX Jahrh. (Leipzig, 1904 ); Dohme,

Kunst und KUnstler der ersten Hdlfte des XIX Jahrh. (Leipzig, 1886).

G. GlETMANN.