Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 15.djvu/821

 ZEAL

753

ZELA

oured the doctrines of Luther. Aft or l.')21 he was a zealous opponent of Luther and died a firm adherent of the Old Faith. His juridicEil works were published posthumously (Lyons, 1548, L5,50-l; 3 vols., Frankfort, 1590).

Schmidt, Zasius und seine Slelle in der fiechtswiss enschaft (Leipzig, 1904); Neff, Uflatricus Zfisius. Ein Bejtrag zur Gesch, des

Obt-rrhein (Program of

•iburg.

of

Ulrich Zasits From an old engraving

1890-1); !, Clrich Xasius (Basle. 18.57). MlCH.\EL OtT.

Zeal (from STtXos, a derivative of 5^0) "to boil", to "throb with heat"), is "a nec- es.sary effect of love", being "the vehement move-

ment of one who loves to [secure] the object of his love" (vehemens molus amanlis in rem am- atam, St. Thomas, "Summa Theol.", I-II, Q. .\xviii, a. 4). Here the distinctive note is in the vehemence, or intensity, of the action to w'hich love impels, an intensity which is proportioned to that of the love felt. As there are two kinds of love, the amor concupUcenlitt, which is self-regarding, and the amor amicilia:, which is altruistic, two corresponding kinds of zeal might be distinguished, but by usage the term is restricted to the zeal jirompted by the ntnor amicilia:; indeed, in its religious sense it is applied solely to the zeal inspired bj' the love of God, to the ardent endeavours and works undertaken to promote His glorj'. Here again we can subdivide according as this zeal for C!od manifests itself in works of devotedness directed towards the fulfilment of the first or the second of the two great Commandments. In the Bible (cf. Psalm Lxiii, 10; Num., xxv, 11; Tit., ii, 14, etc.) it is mostly used in the fir.st of these applications; in the phrase "zeal for souls" it is used in the second, and in this sense it is much the most common among rehgious writers.

Zeal, being love in action, just on that account tends to remove as far as Ues in its power all that is injurious or hostile to the object of its love; it has thus its antipathies as well as its attractions. Moreover, since, though itself appertaining to the will, it presupposes an exercise of judgment as to the appropriate means for the attainment of its object, we must further distinguish true and false zeal, according as the judgment guiding it is sound or unsound. Thus St. Paul's zeal was zeal through- out, but it w.'us false zeal in the days when he per- secuted the Church, true zeal when he became its Apostle. "Caritas Christi urget nos" are the words with which this .\postle described the promptings within his own breast of this zeal which contributed 80 powerfully to lay the foundations of the Catholic Church. And it is a zeal of hke nature which, en- kindled in the breasts of so many generations of ardent followers of Christ, has, in its co-operation with the lavish gifts of the Holy Spirit, built that Church up into the greatest mar\el of human history. For it is the zeal of all those devout souls which, as dis- tinguished from the lukewarmness of the ordinary Christian, ha-s sent forth the Apostles and missionaries to their lives of self-sacrifice, has (illod the sanctuaries with an unfailing supply of good priests and the clois- ters with throngs of ferment njigious, which has organized, sustained, and developed so splendid an XV.— 48

array of works of charity to meet almost every con- ceivable need of suffering humanity.

St. Francis of Sales, Treatise on the Love of God, X, xi\-xv; RODRIOUEZ, The Practice of Christian Perfection, III. tr. 8, chap, x; Saint-Jure. On the Knowledge and Love of Our Lord, xxii, sect. 13: HouDRV. Bibliotheca Prcedicatorum, s. v. Zeal, which contains a full bibliography and numerous extracts bearing on the subject.

SvDNEY F. Smith. Zechariah. See Zacharias.

Zegers, Nicholas Tacitcs, famous exegete, b. either at Diest or Brussels during the latter half of the fifteenth century; d. at Louvain, 25 August, 1559. After receiving a scientific education at Lou- vain, he entered the Franciscan Order, joining the Province of Cologne. At the division for that prov- ince, he was assigned to the Low German Province. There, coming under the influence of Francis Titel- mann, professor of exegesis in the convent of Lou- vain, he devoted himself to the study of the Scrip- tures and succeeded Titelmann in the chair of exegesis in 1536. In 1548 he gave up his chair to devote himself to writing. His solid foundation in Greek and Hebrew enabled him to exercise sound critical judgment on the explanation of the different passages of Holy Writ, a quality at that time very rare. Memeranus writes of him:

"Vir pietatis amans, semper studiosus honesti, Et bona qui semper pubUca ubique juvat."

The fruit s of his lit erarv- labours were very numerous. Besides many translations of a.scetical works from the Flemish and French into Latin, he also wTote: "Pro- verbia Teutonica Latinitate Donata" (Antwerp, 1550 and 1571); "Scholion in omnes Novi Tcsta- menti Ubros" (Cologne, 1.553); " Epanorthotes, sive Castigationes Novi Testamenti" (Cologne, 1555); " Dye CoUegie der Wysheit ghefundeert in dye uni- versiteit der deughden" (Antwerp, 15.56); "Inven- torium in Testamentum Novum", a kind of concord- ance (Antwerp, 1.55S and 1.566); "Novum Jesu Christi Testamentum juxta vetorem ecclesia; edi- tionem" (Louvain, 1.559); and finally a catechism in Flemish.

Hurter, Xomencltitor Literarius, IV, I2S0; Dirks. Hist, lit- tfrairc et bibliographiquc des Frcres Mineitrs (Antwerp, 1885), 81 sqq. ; Paquot, Mcmoircs pour servir d. Vhistoire liUeraire des Paya- Bas, I, 2.

Leo T. Butler.

Zela, tit ular see of Asia Minor, suffragan of Amasea in the Helenopontus. In pagan times the city, which was situated on the Scylax, belonged to priests, equal in dignity to the princes of Pont us, lords of the territory. On the eminence which rises in the middle of the city stood a famous temple, consecrated by the Persian kings to their national divinities, Anahita, Vohu- Mano, and Anadates. Zela is famous for the victory of Mithridates Eupator over Valerius Trianus, lieu- tenant of Lucullus (67 B. c), also for that of Ciesar over Pharnaces (47 B. c), after which he wTote his famous letter, "Veni, Vidi, Vici" (I came, I saw, I conquered). At first a mere hamlet, Zela obtained from Pompeii the title of city, and became the capital of a district allotted to Queen Pythadoris (Strabo, XI, viii, 4; XII, iii, 37; Pliny, "Hist. Nat.", VL 8). It was finally ceded to Nero, with all Pontus Pole- moniacus, by its last king, and remained part of the Greco-Roman empire until 1397, when the Turks seized it. According to a letter (72) of St. Basil, a council was held there by the Arians in the fourth century. Le Quien (Oriens christ., I, 541) mentions several bishops: Heraclius, at Nice (.325); .\tticus, at Chalcedon (451); H\Tcrechius (4.58) ; Georgius (692); Constantine (7S7); Paul (879). According to the ".\cla Patri.archatus Const ant inopolitani" of Mik- losich and Miiller (I, 60), there was a bishop at Zela in 1315; he was then named Metropolitan of Amasea; later the see was supjjres.scd. Zela (now Zileh) is a caza in the sandjak of Tokat and the vilayet of