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 ZAMBOANGA

747

ZAMORA

have each a church ami resilient priest. At Chisha- washa ami Driefontein in Mashonaland, Empandeni in Matabeleland, and Monze, north of the Zambesi, there are large mission stations for the natives. The Sisters of St. Dominic (numbering 82) have schools for the Europeans at SaUsbury, Bulawaj-o, and Gwolo, and a school for native girls at the mission station of Chishawasha. The Sisters of Xotre-Danie (9 in number) have two schools for natives at the mission station of Empandeni. There are 10 Sisters of the Precious Blood in the prefecture. The Jesuits conduct a school for European boys at Bulawayo, receiving a small annual grant from the Government. There is also at Bulawayo an observatory under the care of Father Edmund Goetz, S.J.; it has a small annual subsidy from the Government. The Europeans number about VMO; in Southern Rhodesia the native population has not yet been estimated with even ap- pro.ximate accuracv. The Catholic population com- prises about 740 Europeans and Indians, 1400 natives. Several books have been written in the four languages spoken in Rhodesia, mo.stly bj' the Fathers of the mission — grammars, catechisms, praj-er-books, Bible stories. Besides these Father Julius Eorrend has pub- lished an important work entitled: "A Comparative Grammar of the South African Bantu Languages". ScHREiBER, Life of Father Augustus Law (London. 189.3); Missionef! cathoUca (Rome, 1907), 423; Maxwell-.Scott, Life of Father Henry Schomherg-Kerr (London, 1901); History of the Zambesi Mission in Zambesi Mission Reenrd, I-III (London, 1898-1909); .Spillman, From Cape to Zambesi. The Beginnings of the Zambesi Mission, compiled from the diariea of Father P. Eerorde and from the reports of the other missionaries (Freiburg). A. L.^NGOUET.

Zamboanga, Diocese of (Zamboangensis), Phihp- pine Islands. It inchides the islands of Basilan, Cam- iguin, Dinagat, Mindanao, Siargao, and the Sulu Archipelago. The area of the diocese is 39,000 sq. miles, the population about 070,000. Mindan.ao, the second largest of the PhiUp])ine group, has an area of 36,292 sq. miles. The Catholic poptilafion of the diocese is 290,000. There are 300,000 Moro.s or Mohammedan Malay.s and SO, 000 pagans of various tribes. Mindanao was evangehzed at the end of the sixteenth century by the Jesuits and the Recol- lects. Members of both these religious orders met their death at the hands of the fanatical Moros. When the Jesuits were permitted to re-enter the Philippines, about the middle of the nineteenth century, the)- again devoted themselves to the

most economical, as well as the most humane, way of civilizing the island), the evangelization of Mindanao met with a great setback when the Philippines were ceded to the United States. Many of the Jesuit missionaries had to be recalled from" Mindanao, and

ViLnoE CajmcB at Bolono, Zahboanoa

missions of Mindanao. Their labours among the savage tribes and even among the Moros were crowned with wonderful success (cf. article Philip- pint, Islands). The establishments they con- ducted at Tamont.aca for the abandoned children of the Moros resembled somewhat the famous Jesuit Reduc- tions of Paraguay. As the Spani.sh Government sup- ported the priests and their missions (finding this the

The Jesuit Church, Davao, Mind.\.nao

a number of their mission-posts were abandoned. At present there are sixty mission parishes in the diocese and forty-five priests, most of them members of the Society of Jesus. The Congregation of the Mis- sionaries of the Sacred Heart of Jesus has charge of Surigato Province, in the north-eastern part of Mindanao. Native nuns of the Societj' of Mary conduct schools in some of the larger towns. Zam- boanga, the residence of the bishop, has a population of 24,000. The territory comprising the Diocese of Zamboanga was formerly attached to the Dioceses of Cebu and of lloilo. Pius X erected the new diocese by the Bull "Novas erigere dioce.ses", 10 Apr., 1910. The Right Rev. Michael O'Doherty, D.D., rector of the Irish College of Salamanca, was consecrated its first bishop.

Philip M. Finegan.

Zamboni, Giuseppe, priest and physicist, b. at Venice, June, 1776; d. there, 25 July, 1846. Shortly after completing his studies in the seminary at ^'l'- rona, Abate Zamboni was appointed to the" chair of physics in the lyceum of that city. Zamboni is known to students of physics by the "dry" pile which he invented in 1812, and which consists of a number of paper discs coated with zinc foil on one side and man- ganese binoxide on the other, the moisture of the paper serving as conductor. By pressing a large number of such discs together in a glass tube, an electromotive force can be obtained sufficient to deflect the leaves of an ordinary electroscope. By bringing the ter- minal knobs of the pile ne;ir each other and su.si)ending a light bra.ss ball between them, Zamboni tlevised what was called an electric clock, the ball oscillating between the knobs like a penduhuu. In the Clar- endon Laboratory, Oxford, the terminals of such a pile are fitted with bells which have been continu- ously ringing for the last fifty years. The Zamboni pile is not, however, a perpetually-going motor, as all action ceases when the zinc is completely oxidized or the manganese exhausted. Among Zamboni's works are: "Delia pila elcltrica a sccco" (Venice, 1812); " L'elettromotore perpetuo" (Venice, 1820); " Descrizione d'un nuovo galvanometro" (Venice, 18:j3).

Brother Potamian.

Zamora, Diocese of (Zamorensis), suffragan of Valladolid. It is boimded on the north by Leon, on the east by Valladolid, south by Salamanca, west by Orcnse and Portugal. It comprises the greater part of the province of Zamora and some towns of the prov-