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ZALLWEIN

Liber Pontificalia, ed. Duchesne. I. 426-39; Jaff^, Regesta Pontificum Romanorum (2nd ed.). I. 262-70; Lanqen, (?€sc/tic/i(e drr remi»chen Kirche, II (Bonn, 1S8.5), 628-4!l; Hefele, Konzil- lengeschichte. III. passim; Nurnberoer. Die rdmische Synode vom Jahre 7iS (Mainz. 1S9S). Cf. also the bibliography to Boni- face. .Saint: and Pepin the Short.

J. P. KlESCH.

Zadori (Drexleu), JAnok, ecclesiastical writftr, li. ;it Katl6cz, County of Neutra, Hungary, 6 March, lS:il; A. at Gran, 30 Dec, 1SS7. He studied at the Paziiianeuni of the University of Vienna. Hia favourite branches were modern languages, literal are, and the natural sciences. Ordained priest in Dec, 1854, he was chaplain at Balassa-Gyarmat for ten years, and from 1S64 to tlie end of his life taught dog- matic theology at the archiepiscopal seminary at Gran. He was a member of the metropolitan chapter ind a domestic prelate of Leo XIII. He declined an appointment to the See of Neu.sohl. Thirty-eight of his works have appeared in print, among them some jf a devotional character and memorial sermons, one 3n Count Stephen Sz(?ch(5nyi. His principal works ire: "A tdrsadolom alapoloci" (The fundamental irinciples of human society), Budapest, 1864, in .vliich he develops the ideas of Lacordaire and others igainst modern errors; "Utivdzlatok Oloszorszagbol"
 * .Sketches of Italy), Budapest, 1867; "A rimai kdta-

tombdk" (The Roman catcomb.s), with 19 plates, Budapest, 1868; "Spanyol ut" (Journey through ■ipain), Budapest, 1868; "IX Pius pdpa ^letc" (Life jf Pius IX), Gran, 1869; "A Jesus Szive ajtatos- ■azanak tortf nete, mivolta, hittani alapja" (The devo- ion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus, its nature, history, md theological foundation). Gran, 1878; "Szus Mdria izeplotelen sivenek" (The veneration of the Immacu- ate Heart of Marv), Gran, 1S79; "Szent Peter k^t cvele" (The two letters of St. Peter), Budapest, 1881, or which he received great praise from the theological alis"; Gran, 1882 (see "Theol. Quart alsehrift", fiihingen, 1887, 691, and "Zeitschrift fiir kath. rheol.", Innsbruck, 1884, .584). From 1870-86 he •dited the theological magazine "Uj magj'ar Sion" Xew Hungarian Sion). WilRZBACH, Biogr. Lex., LIX (Vienna, 1890), 81; Hurteb, Vomencl.
 * icultv of Gran; "Syntagma theologioe fundamen-

Francis Mershman.

Zagrrab. See Aoram.

Zahle and Forzol, a Greco-Melchite diocese. II the seventeenth, or perhaps in the sixteenth, cen- ury the Diocese of Seleucia Pieria was for greater iifety transferred by the Patriarch of Antioch to klaaioula in the Lebanon. The reason of this trans- er was forgotten at a later date, and a town of "Sel- lucia Libani" was invented and identified with slaaloula, though such a town never existed. When lie see was transferred from Maaloula to Forzol, the itle of Seleucia .accompanied it. The tran.sfer had ilre.ady taken place in 17(')0, for the Catholic titular •'.uthvmius then signed asBi.shop of Forzol and Beqaa Kchos d'Orient, V, 86). In October, 1790, a Cath- ilic bishop of Zahl^ iiasisted at a council held in the 'onvent of Saint-Sauveur (Kchos d'Orient, X, 227). rhe Diocese of Zalile is identical with that of Forzol, inder which name it often .appears. .Since 1849 Coimcil of .lerusalem), at least among Catholics, the )ishop bears the titles of Zahle, Forzol, .and Beqaa. iince 1768 his residence has been at Z.ahle. .\mong he schismatics the bishop always bears the title if .Seleucia. Zahle itself dates only from the end of he seventeenth century, when Catholics fled thither n great numbers, the locality being under the pro- ectinn of the emirs of Lebanon, by whom they were irotected from schismatics and Mussulmans. Gradu- illy the place grew larger; it is now a city of about 10,(M)0 inh,abit.ants, ne.arlv all Catholics of the Grcco- Vlelcliite Rite. In 1860' the Druses destroyed 2000

houses, and several Christians were massacred, among them four Jesuits. There are to-day a Jesuit resi- dence and a school, similarly a residence and a school in the Moallaqa quarter. The diocese comprises 30,0(K) Cathohcs, 47 priests, 33 churches and chapels, 9 primary schools, 3 convents of Salavatorians, Alepins, and of Chouerites, with 43 religious.

Lammens in Revue de VOrient Chretien, VIII, 314-19; Jdllien, La nouvelle mission de la Compagnie de Jesus en ,SuTie, I (Paris, 1899). 163-187, 274-324; Goudard. La Sainte Viirge au Liban (Paris, 1908), 423-38; Missiones catholicce (Uomo. 1907), 784.

S. Vailhe.

Zakho, a diocese of Chaldea. It corresponds to the ancient Diocese of Maalta, formerly a suffragan of Adiabene or Arbela. Some Nestorian bishops are mentioned from the fifth to the seventh century (Chabot, "Synodicon orientale", 676). It was re- united with the dioceses of Akra and Amadia until the middle of the nineteenth century, when the province was divided into three dioceses: Amadia, Zaklio, and Akra-Zehbar. Zakho dates from 1859. To-day Zakho is a province of the vilayet of Mossul. The city has 2500 inhabitants, 1500 of whom are Jews and 100 Christians. It is situated on an island formed by the Little Khabour. The diocese com- prises 3.500 Catholics, 10 resident priests, 5 religious of the Congregation of St. Hormisdas, 15 parishes or stations, 20 churches and chapels, and 4 primary schools.

Renue de VOrient chrdien, I, 448; Cdinet, La Turquie d'Asie, II (Paris, 1894), 836-38; Missiones catholicce (Rome, 1907), 811.

S. Vailh^.

Zallinger zum Thum, Jacob Anton, philosopher and canonist, b. at Bozen, 26 July, 1735, d. there, 11 January, 1813. He studied at Innsbruck and Munich, entered the Jesuit Order on 9 October, 1753, was ordained priest on 1 June, 1765, then taught philosophy at Munich, Dillingen, and Innsbruck. Shortly after the suppression of the Jesuits in 1773, Prince-bishop Clemens Wenceslaus engaged him as professor of canon law at Augsburg. He held this po.sition for thirty years (1777-1807), with the excep- tion of four months, during which he was theologian at the papal nunciature at R.atisbon, and sixteen months, which upon invitation of Pius VII he spent in Rome as p.apal councillor in German affairs (180.5-6). In 1807 he returned to Bozen, devoting the rest of hia life to literary labours. As a canonist he defended the papal rights against the Febronian tendencies in Germany, and as a philosopher he endeavoured to replace the Scholastic method by the empiricism of Newton. His chief canonical works are: "Institu- tionum juris naturalis et ecclesiastici public! libri V" (Augsburg, 1784; Ghent, 1823; Rome, 1832); "De U.SU publici comment ariolus" (.\ugsburg. 1784; Ghent, 1823); "Historische Bemerkungen iiber das sogenannte Resultal des Emser Congressus" (Frank- fort and Leipzig, 1787); "In.stitutiones juris eccle- siastici, maxime privati, ordine Decretalium" (5 vols., Augsburg, 1792-3; 3 vols., Rome, 18,32). His chief philosophical works are: "Lex gravitatis universalis ac mutua; cum theoria de sectione coni" (Munich, 1769); "Intcrjiret.atio natur.T, sen philosophia Xew- toniana methodo exposita" (3 vols., Augsburg, 1773); "Disquisitiones philosophia Kantiana;" (2 vols., Augs- burg, 1799).

SoMMERVooEi.. BibUothkgue de la Compagnie de Jfsus, VIII (Brussels. 1898). 1445-8; WttHZBACH. Biogr. Lex.. LIX (Vienna, 1890), 114-5; HnRTEH, Nomenclator, V, I (Innsbruek, 1911), 774-5.

Michael Ott.

Zallwein. Gregor, canonist, b. at Oberviechtach, Obeqifalz, 20 October, 1712; d. at Salzburg, 6 or 9 August, 1766. .\fter studjnng the Humanities at Ratisbon and Freising he took vows at the Benedic- tine Abbey of Wessobrunn, on 15 November, 1733,