Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 15.djvu/805

 YSAMBERT

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YUCATiN

admission of epileptics, lepers, and contagious patients excluded from the Hotel-Dieu, she made clothing for the king's stores and for the traders of the upper country, which constituted her chief revenue. Dur- ing the Seven Years War so many EngUsh soldiers were treated at the hospital, that one of its wards was called "la salle des /Vnglais". Mother d'Youville ransomed from the Indians, at a great price, an Eng- Ush prisoner destined to torture, and saved from their furj' several fugitives, one of whom, through gratitude, later prevented the bombardment of the fortress-like hospital. Owing to the exorbitant cost of necessaries of life, due to unscrupulous corruption, the hospital was heavily indebted at the time of the conquest. A credit of 100,000 livres, due by the French Govern- ment, was redeemed with interest only under Louis XVIII, and the sum appUed to the work begun by the foundress. Despite her poverty, Mother d'You- ville undertook to rescue all foundlings thrown upon her charity. When, in 1766, the General Hospital was destroyed by fire, fully resigned to her loss, she knelt with her sisters and recited the "Te Deum". Her institute has spread throughout Canada and even to some of the neighbouring states. The Decree introducing the cause of her beatification, and entit- ling her to be called Venerable, was signed on 28 April, 1S90.

Faillon, Vie de Madame d" Youttille (Ville Marie. 1852); Jett^, Vie de la Vin. M;-re d' YouviUe (Montreal, 1900).

Lionel Lini)s.\t.

Ysambert, Nicolas, theologian, b. at Orleans in 1.5(55 or 1569; d. at Paris, U May, 1642. He studied theology at the Sorbonne and was made a fellow {socius) of thecoUegein 1.598. Thenceforthheprofes-sedtlieologj' with such success as to attract pubhc attention. In 1616 King Louis XIII founded at the Sorbonne a new chair of theology for the study of the controversial questions between Catholics and Protestants. The professor in charge had to give on every working day an hour's lecture followed by a half hour of familiar conference with his auditors. Ysambert was ap- pointed to this chair by the king, who in this instance had reserved to himself the nomination. This ap- pointment, which was an honour in itself, was still more enhanced by the eulogies bestowed on Ysambert in the letters patent which designated him, wherein the king praises his competence and station, his ex- perience in theology, controverled matters, and other sciences. From the time of his appointment as is evident from the MSS. of his cour.se, one of which is preserved at the library of Toulouse, which was begun in 1618, Ysambert took as the basis of his letters the "Summa theologiea" of St. Thomas Aquinas which he seems to have commentated until the end of his career of teaching. His lessons won him a wide reputation, which he retained until his death. In the councils of the theological faculty he was chiefly dis- tinguished for his share in the censure directed against Marc ,\ntonio de Dominis, the apostate Archbishoj) of Spalatro, the author of the notorious treatise "De republica Christiana", which was intended to over- throw the whole ecclesiastical Hier.irchy; he was (he first to point out the heretical doctrine to the faculty and he brought about its condemnation. When Edmond Richer laboured to revive in the theological faculty a somewhat modified Galliranism, Ysambert with the theologian Duval became the zealous de- fender of (he righ(s of (he Holy See. To learning Ysambert joined great strictness of life, remarkable solidity of judgment, and a precision and sense of justice much appreciated in the decision of cases of con.science. He beg.in publishing his "Disputa- tiones", or commentaries on the Summa of St. Thomas, but it was not completed during his life (Paris, 1638-48). Hia commentary is generally esteemed.

XV.— 47

FiuBlEN, Hisl. de la ville de Paris (Paris. 1725), V; DcPLEBSIB d'Argentr^. CoUectio Jufliciorum de novis erroribua II, (Paris, 172S). pt. II: Fbret, IjO Jaculti de th^ologie de Paris, iSpoque maderne. III (Paris, 1906).

Antoine Degert

Yucatan, Archdiocese of (Ydcatahensis), in the He]niblic of Mexico. Campeche and Tabasco are its sufi'ragans. Its area is that of the state of the same name, 17,204 sq. miles, and its pojiulation 337,020 inhabitants (1910). Merida, the capital, is the residence of the bishop and governor. It is about 27 feet above the level of the sea and has a population of 61,999 (1910). There is a legend that long before (he arrival of the Spanish in Mexico the Christian religion had been preached in Yucatdn by Quetzalcoatl (see Mexico). Yucatdn was the first region of the Mexican territory to receive the hght of the Gospel in the sixteenth centurj'; it was there that the first Mass was celebrated. It is said that in 1517 Francisco Herndndez de C6rdoba, the discoverer and explorer of the region, founded the first parish. Leo X, beheving the newly-discovered land to be an island, by the BuU "Sacri apostolatus ministerio", dated 27 January, 1518, created the Bishopric of Yucatdn, under the name "Carolense" and placed it under the protection of "Santa Maria de los Reme- dios". When it was known that Yucatdn was part of the continent which Herndn Cort6s was conquer- ing, Clement VII made certain modifications (see (Tlaxcala), and caused Father Juhdn Carets, appointed first Bishop of Yucatdn, to make his residence at Tlaxcala when he arrived in Mexico, as the Spanish had abandoned the conquest of Yuca- tdn for this new land. The first resident bishop was Francisco Toral, a Franciscan, who took possession on 15 August, 1.562, one year after his election: he assisted at the first and second Mexican councils.

Marcos de Torres y Rueda, twelfth bishop (1(547), owing to dissensions between .Juan Palafox, Bishop of Tlaxcala, and the Viceroy of New Spain, Count of Salvatierra, was named ^'icerov of Mexico and entered into office, 13 May, 1648; he "died at the capital, 22 April, 1649. Juan G6mez de Parada, twentieth bishop, governed the dioceses of Yucatdn, Guate- mala, and Guadalajara with great success. His successor, Ignacio Castorena y Ursua, was the founder of the first newspaper published in Mexico (see Periodical Literature, Catholic. — Mexico). 3oei Maria Guerra, thirty-fifth bishop (d. 1863), hved during the famous war of caste which ruined almost (he whole of Yuca(dn; his zeal, energ\', and firmness prevented the city of Merida from falling into the hands of the revolting Indians. It was at the instance of Leandro Rodriguez de la Gala, his successor, that the new See of Tabasco was formed from parishes taken from the Diocese of Yucatdn. 'The Province and Vicariate of Pe(<^n, 8i(ua(ed in the Re- public of Guatemala, which ecclesiastically had belonged to Yucat.dn, became a part of the See of Guatemala. Believing that the colony of Belice was his dependency, the bishop sent missionaries there in 1S64; this land, however, had been under the administration of priests sent from the Vicariate Apostolic of J.amaica since 1837. The present archbishop is Mgr. Tristschler y Cordova, appointed on 11 Nov., 1906. The Diocese of Yucatdn was suffragan of Mexico until 1891, when it became suffragan of the newly-crea( ed Archdiocese of Oaxaca. In 1895 (he new See of Campeche was crea(ed from parishes (aken from Yucatdn, to which was added all (he (erri(or>- of Quin(ana Roo. The Archdiocese of Yiica(!in erected in 19(X5, has: a seminary and 30 s(u- den(s; 32 parochial schools and 9 Ca(holic colleges, wi(h 67.38 students. Protestants have erected 3 colleges, which have 79 students, and 2 churches.

Vera. Catecinmo ffeoordfico-hi/tH^iro-fstadtstico de la Jglesia mtxicana (Amecameca, 1881); de Terrebos, Apunlet biogrificot