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 TRIEST

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TRINITARIANS

astronomer, and was appointed assistant to the direc- tor of the \'ienna Observatory, Father Max Hell, whom he succeeded in 1702. He occupied this post during the remainder of his life. Triesnecker was thoroughly grounded in the science of mathematics and its applications to astronomy; and the accuracy of his observations, which in spite of ill-health he pursued till an advanced age, was universally recog- nized. His numerous treatises mainly deal with geographv and astronomy. A considerable portion of his time was taken up by the "Ephemcrides" of Vienna, the editorship of which, after P'ather Hell's (leath, he shared with th<' ingenious computer Bijrg. In this periodical he published, between the years 17S7-1S06, his "Tabula- Mercurii, Martis, Veneris, Solares", and the greater part of his micrometrical observations of the sun, moon, planets, and positions of stars. His "Novce niotuum lunarium tabulae" were published separately in 1802. Other astronom- ical investigations maybe found in "Zach's monat- liche Correspondenz", in the "Commentarii soc. reg. Getting. , and in Bode's "Astron. Jahrbuch". In geography he determined or corrected the longi- tude and latitude of various places from the best available data. The results of this labour are em- bodied in the periodicals referred to above, the "Transactions of the Royal Soc. of Bohemia", and Zach's "AUgemeine geographische Ephemeridon. He completed Father iVletzburg's triangulatinn of Lower Austria, using it as a basis for the product ion of a new map of that country, and assisted him with the triangulation of Galicia. The erection of the "Xew Observatory" of Vienna (which afterwards gave place to the new structure on the "Tiirkenschanze") was Triesnecker's work. He was a member of the scientific associations of Breslau, Gottingen, Munich, St. Petersburg, and Prague.

BtiBO, Nachnchlen von Triesnecker's Lebensumstunden in Bode, Astron. Jahrbuch (Berlin, 1S20), 207-9; Abhandlung. konig. bohm. GaieUschaft der WiJisenschafl. V (Prague, 1818), 73; Stoeoer. Scriptores Prov. Auslriacic Sac. Jesu (Vienna, 1855), 369; von WuRZBACH, Biogr. Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich, XLVII (Vienna, 1883), 197-99.

J. Stein.

Triest, Pierre Joseph. See Charity, Congre- gation OF the Brothers of; Charity, Sisters of, OF Jesus and Mary.

Triest-Capo d'lstria, Diocese of (Tergestina ET Justinopolitana), suffragan of Gorz-Gradiska, exists as a triple see since 1821, when Cittanova (,^monia) and Capodistria (.-Egida, Capris, Justinop- olis) were united to Triest, and its present name was assigned to the see. St. Frugifer, consecrated in 524, was the first Bishop of Triest; since then it exhibits a long line of eighty-seven bishops. Despite their high character and great abilities, however, these bishops only in rare instances attained to eminence, owing to the small size of their diocese, which was subject to Aquileia, and to the rivalry between .\quileia and Venice. Foremost among the bishops is Enea Silvio de' Piccolomini, later Pope Pius II. Petrus Bonomo, asecretarj' of Frederick IV and Maximilian I, became Bishop of Triest in l.")2, and was known as pnter con- ctiu in the fifth Lateran Council (1.512). Giovanni Bogarino, teacher of .Vrcbduke Charles of Styria, was bishop from 1591. Joseph II abolished the Dioceseof Triest in 1788, transferring the see to Gr.adiska. His brother, Leopold II, divided Gradiska into the Dio- cesesof Gorz and Triest, re-establishing Trie.st in 1791 and appointing as its bishop, Sigismund .Vnton, Count of Hohenwart and tutor of his children. Other at- tempts were made tn suppress the see, but the em- peror decreed its preservation, and von Buset was appointed bishop. After his death (1803) the see remained vacant eighteen years, owing to the dis- orders caused by Napoleon. Emperor Franz finally appointed Leonardi as Bishop of Triest. At the Synod

of Vienna in 1849, Bartholomew Legat was present; he defended, with considerable fervour, the views of the minority in the Vatican Council. In 1909 Bishop Franz X. Nagl was appointed coadjutor cum jure successionis to the ninety-year-old Cardinal Prince- Archbisliop Anton Gruscha of Vienna. The see num- bers 409,800 Catholics with 291 priests, 81 male re- ligious and 174 nuns.

Kandler. Codice diplomatico Istriano (Trieste). I, dealing with A.D. 50-1299; II, with 1300-1449; III, with 1450-1717; UoHiiLLl, lUilia sacra, V, 574-83; Kandler, Fasti sacri e profane di Trieste e delV Islria (Trieste, 1849).

COLESTIN WoLFSGRUBER.

Trincomalee, Diocese of (Tbincomaliensis), in Ceylon, suffragan of Colombo, was created in 1893 by a division of the diocese of Jaffna. The diocese comprises the whole of the eastern jirovince as well as the district of Tamankuduwa. Out of a total population of 186,251, the Catholics number 8773, with 28 churches and chapels served by 13 fathers and two lay brothers of the Belgian province of the Society of Jesus, with two missionaries Apos- tolic. Candidates for the priesthood are sent to Kandy seminary. There are fifty-five schools with 2.523 pupils, and one convent of the Sisters of St. Joseph of Cluny with five inmates who conduct an orjihanage attached to the convent. The bishop is Charles Lavigne, S. J. (consecrated 1887), who resides at Trincomalee.

,l/,;./ra.'.- Catholic Directory, 1910.

Ernest R. Hull.

Trinita di Cava dei Tirreni, Abbey of, in the Province of Salerno. It stands in a gorge of the Finestre Hills, near Cava dei Tirreni, and was founded in 980 by .-^Ifcrio Pappacarbona, a noble of Salerno who became a Cluniac monk. Urban II endowed this monastery with many privileges, making it imme- diately subject to the Holy See, with juri.-^diction over the surrounding territory. In 1394 Boniface IX made it a diocese, but in 1513 Leo X erected the Diocese of Cava, detaching that city from the abbot's jurisdiction. About the same time the Cluniacs were replaced by Cassinese monks. This monastery, an abbey nullius, possesses a very rich store of public and private documents, which date back to the eighth century, and is now the .seat of a national educational establishment, under the care of the Benedictines. The church is famous for its organ. In 1893 the cultus of the first four abbots (Alferius, Leo, Petrus, and Constabilis) was sanc- tioned. There are 18 parishes with 68 priests, regular and secular, and 28,000 faithful, subject to the abbacy.

GviLhWMK, Essai h' ' ' 1S77); Maecaldi

AND Schiani. Codei it vols, ineomplote.

Milan. 1874-93); Da-. '•.iins de f Ilalie

(Paris, 1867); David,/.. " /.n( (Rome. 1909).

U. Benigni.

Trinitarians, Order of. — The redemption of cap- tives has always been regarded in the Church as a work of mercy, .as is abund:intly testified by many lives of saints who devoted t hemsclves to this task. The pei iod of the Cnisades, when so many Christians were in dan- ger of falling into the hands of infidels, witne.s.'-'ed the rise of sever:d religious orders vowed exclusively to this pious work. In the thirteenth century there is mentif)n of :in order of Montjoie, founded for this pur- pose in Si):i,in, but its existence wa< brief, ;is it was established in 1180 ami united in 1221 with the Order of Cal;itrava. Another .Sp;inish order prospered bet- ter; this w;is founded in the tliirteenth century by St. Peter NoKasco under the title of Our Lady of Alercy {de la Mrrccilr), whence the name Mereed.aiians. It soon spread widely from Ariigon, and has still several houses at Home, in Italy, Spain, and the old Spanish colonies. Finally, the Order of Trinitarians, which exists to the present day, had at first no other object,