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 WILLIAM

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WILLIAM

to increase his suffering. After this journey he started on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, but it was revealed to him that he would be of greater service to God if he remained in Italy. He built himself a hut on Monte Vergine, wishing to become a hermit and Uve in solitude, but it was not long before man}' people flocked to him to put themselves under his guidance, being attracted by the sanctity of his hfe and the many miracles which he performed. Soon a monastery was built, and by 1119 the Congre- gation of Monte Vergine (q. v.) was founded. St. William lived at Monte Vergine until the brethren began to murmur against him, saying that the life was too austere, that he gave too much in alms, and so on. He therefore decided to leave Monte Vergine and thus take away from the monks the cause of their grievances. Roger I of Naples took him under his patronage, and the saint founded many monasteries, both of men and of women, in that kingdom. So edified was the king with the saint's sanctity of hfe and the wisdom of his counsels that, in order to have him always near him, he built a monastery opposite his palace at Salerno. Knowing by special revelation that his end was at hand, Wil- liam retired to his monastery of Guglieto, where he died, and was buried in the church.

Acta SS., V June, 112; VI June. 259; Renda, Vita. . . S. Ottl- ielmi (Naples, 1591).

Paul Brookfield.

William of Ware (William de Warre, Guard, Guard, Varro or Varron), b. at Ware in Herts; the date of his birth and of his death are unknown. He flourished 1270-1300. According to Woodford he entered the Order of St. Francis in his youth and Little thinks he may have been the "Frater G de Ver" who was at the London convent about 12.50. He was S. T. P. of Paris, where most of his life was spent. Pitts calls him S. T. P. of Oxford, but his name does not occur in the list of Franciscan Masters at Oxford. That he studied there is not improbable, but there is no authority for the statement. He is said by Dugdale to have been a pupil of .\lexander of Hales (d. 124r)), and several authorities concur with Bartholomew of Pisa (1399) in calling him the teacher of Duns Scotus. Wadding tells us that on the tomb of Scotus in the old Franciscan church at Cologne was inscribed: "^L1g- ister Gulielmus Varro Preceptor Scoti". Scotus mentions Wilham twice in his works (Qua?st. super hbros metaph. Aristotelis, lib. V, q. 10). He was renowned for his deep knowledge of both Aristotelean and Christian philosophy, and because of the solidity of his teaching he came to be styled "Doctor Funda- tus" by Wilmot and later WTiters. William's "Com- mentary on the Sentences" may be found in many fourteenth-century MSS., e. g. at Oxford in Merton College, MS. 103-104; it has never been printed. Other works of his enumerated by Wadding are: " Lec- turae theologica-" (1 vol.); "Quodlibetica> quxs- tiones" (1vol.); "Quaestionesordinariae" (1 vol.\ and "Comment, in Aristot." (several volumes). William's teaching on the Immaculate Conception a.s found in his "Commentary on the Third Book of Sentences" has recently been published apart: "Fr. Gulielmi Guarrffi . . . Qua'Stiones disputata; de Immac. Con- cept. B.M.V." (Qu.iracchi, 1904).

Wadding. AmiaUs ad an 1304, no. XXIV, vol. VI, p. 46: Idem, Smplores or./, min.. (3d ed.. 1906). 108; Sbabalea. Supplemm- lum, Pt. I (3d ed.. 1908), pp. 350-351; Rashdall. Thr Vmterai- ties of Europe in the Miiliile Ages. II, pt. II (Oxford. 1895), 530; I.iTTLE, The Grey Friars in Oxford (Oxford. 1892), 213.

Paschal Robinson

William of WaynefletO, Bishop of Winchester and Chancellor of England, b. towards the end of the fourteenth century; d. at South Waltham, Hampshire, 11 August, 14Sf). ,Son of Richard Patten (tiliiiK Barbour), a gentleman of Wayneflete, in Lincolnshire, and of Margery Brereton, he was educated at Win-

chester College, though not apparently a .scholar on the foundation, and at the University of Oxford, where he graduated as bachelor of divinity. He seems to have been ordained sub-deacon at Spalding (the dates are somewhat uncertain) in January, 1420-1, deacon soon afterwards, and priest in 1426. Three years later he was appointed master of Winchester School, and in 1438 Cardinal Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester, presented him to the mastership of St. Mary Magd.i- lene's hospital near that city, a preferment which doubled his in- come. In It I" the young l\i Henry VI visii. Winchester ami made the ac- quaintance of Wayneflete,whoiii le selected to bi- first master and in 1443 provds' of his newly- founded college of "- -- Eton, near Windsor. Here he laboured with much success for four years, winning high favour and regard from King Henry, who on the death of Beaufort in 1447 nominated Wayneflete as his successor in the See of Winchester. Nicholas V confirmed the appoint- ment, and the new bishop was consecrated on 13 July, 1447, in Eton College chapel, and enthroned six months later in Winchester cathedral in presence of the king. Within a year of his taking possession of his see he m.anifested his zeal for learning by obtain- ing a royal charter for the foundation of a hall at Oxford dedicated to his old patroness St. Mary Mag- dalen. Magdalen Hall came into existence in August, 1448, and existed under that title for some ten years, after which it was replaced by the larger foundation, established on the site of the former hospital of St. John, and known ever since as Magdalen College. The buildings, including the chapel, were, as far as erected in the founder's life-time, completed by 1480, and in the following year Wayneflete's statutes were approved by Sixtus IV and duh' promulgated. Be- fore his death the founder largely increased the endow- ments of the college, chiefly by the annexation of ecclesiastical and monastic property; and he also provided it with a large and valuable library. A grammar-school, for the education of the choristers and other junior members of the college, likewise formed part of the new foundation.

Returning to Wayneflete's early years as Bishop of Winchester, we soon find him involved in the political troubles of the time. The serious rebeUion led by Jack Cade in 1450 was brought to an end mainly through the conciliatory and statesmanlike method in which Wayneflete dealt with the insurgents. In the still more formidable disturbances caused by the ambitious schemes of Richard, Duke of York, the bishop never ceased to labour in the cause of peace. His sympathy with the Lancastrian party exposed him. of course, to the odium of the Yorkists, who stirred up the people of Winchester against him and even intrigued to deprive him of his see. Henry VI, however, continued to extend to him his fullest con- fidence, named him visitor of the royal colleges of Eton and King's, Cambridge, and in i4;"t) appointed him chancellor of the kingdom in succession to