Page:Catholic Encyclopedia, volume 15.djvu/673

 WHITE

Gil

WHITE

that the honour of the first printing-presa in British America belongs to Maryland; but these works were manuscript compositions.

The rise of the Puritan party in England was felt with disastrous effects to Catholic interests in Mary- land: a band of marauders from \'irginia phmdered the Jesuit establishments, and P'ather White, with two companions, was seized and sent in irons to London, where he was tried on the charge of treason, as being a priest in England contrary to the statute 27 Ehzabeth. He was acquitted on the manifest plea that he had entered the country under force and much against his will. Banished again, he longed to return to his "dear Marilandians", but his earnest petitions could not be granted, as he was advanced in years and broken by exhausting labours; the remainder of his life was spent quietly in England.

The writings of Father White are: (1) "Relatio itineris"; (2) "Declaratio ColoniiE"; (3) "A Briefe Relation". (1) "Declaratio itineris in Marilan- diam". Rev. Wm. MoSherry, S.J., discovered this Latin narrative of the voyage in the archives of the Domus Professa at Rome in 1832. He made a tran- script of the document, and brought it to Georgetown College; an abridged translation appeared in the "Catholic Almanac" (Baltimore, 1S40), pp. 15-34, and a full translation by N. C. Brooks was printed in Force's "Historical Tracts", pp. 47 (Washington, 1846), IV, 12. The Latin text was printed for the first time with a revised translation in the first volume of "Woodstock Letters" (1872); in 1874 the Maryland Historical Society published it in Latin and English, Fund Publication, 7 (edited with notes by Dr. E. A. Dalrymple); this version is reprinted verbatim in Foley, "Records of the English Province" (London, 1878). in, 339 sqq., and in Scharf, "History of Mary- land (Baltimore, 1879), 1, sqq., Hughes, "History of the Society of Jesus in North America" (London, 1908), presents the most authentic Latin text, with a facsimile photographic reproduction of the first page of the original (Documents, I, pt. I, 94-107); in the same history (Text, I, 274-9) he gives an epitome of the "Relation", discusses its authorship and authen- ticity, and furnishes exhaustive biographical infor- mation concerning Father White, who wrote this account to the general of the Societj', from St. Mary's in 10.34, within a month of the landing.

(2) "Declaratio Colonic Domini Baronis de Baltimore": composed by Father White, revised and published, with "Conditions of Plantation", by Cecihus Calvert. "Woodstock Letters" (Latin and Engh.sh), L 12-21; Marj'land Historical Society (Fund Pubhcation, 7), Baltimore, 1874 (Latin and English); Force and Foley (pp. 329-334), ut supra; Hughes, Documents, 1, 14.5-148 (Latin), Text, I, 249-253; Hall, "Narratives of Early Maryland" (New York, 1910), .5-10.

(3) "A Briefe Relation of the Voyage unto Mary- land ". The substance of this was printed in London, 1634, and reprinted in 1865, Shea, "Early Southern Tracts", no. 1. It was composed by P'ather White, and authenticated by Governor Leonard Calvert in a letter from Point Comfort, May, 1(534, as the work of a "most honest and di.screet gentleman". Maryland Historical Society, Fund Publication, 35, Calvert Papers, no. 3 (Baltimore, 1899), 26-46 — discu.s-sion of authorship, pp. 6-12: Notes by Father Hughes: Hall, "Narratives of Early Maryland" (New York, 1910), 29-45.

Plorut Anolo-Bararina (I>i*ge, 1685). 55; More, nUl. Ptot. AngUtT, IX. n. 1; Tanner, Sac, Je9u Apost. Imilalrix (Prague, 1694). 803: DoDD. Church HUtory, III, 31.3; Oliver, CollKti<m» (Ix)ndon. 1845), 221; De Backer. Emrsainn (Lidge. 1859). 776; SoMMERvooEi,, BibHolhique de la C. de J.; Southwell, Biblio- theca: Afenotoffy. English-speaking Assistancy; Chandlery, Fasti Brmoreji (Roehampton. 1910); Camprell. Catholic Almanac (Baltimore, 1841). 4.3-6S; Woodstock LeUers, I, 1-11; Clarke '^ MttropolHan Uagaiine (Baltimore, 1856), 73-80.

Edward I. Devitt.

White, Ch.\rles Ign.^tics, editor, historian, b. at Baltimore, Maryland, U. S. A., 1 Feb., 1807; d. at Wa.shington, D. C, 1 April, 1878. He was one of the leading pubhcists in the LTnited States during the second half of the nineteenth century. His Classical studies were made at Mt. St. Mary's, Emmittsburg, and at St. Mary's College, Baltimore, and his theolog- ical course at St. Sulpice, Paris, where he was ordained priest on 5 June, 1830. Returning to Baltimore soon after his ordiiuition, he was engaged in parish work there and at Pikesville until 1857, when he was made rector of St. Matthew's, Washington, remaining in this charge until his death. In addition to his parochial labours he edited the "Annual Catholic Almanac and Directory" (1834-1857); founded the "Religious Cabinet", a monthly magazine in Balti- more (1X42) which was called the following year the "U.S.('atli<]lic Magazine" (1843-1847), andrevived as the " Mclropdlitan M.agazine" in 18.53. He was also editor of the weekly paper, the "Cathohc Mirror" (18.50-18.55). These pubhcations in the formative period before the civil war were, under his direction, very influential factor.s in the great progress made in the LInited States by the Church spiritually and materially. He also translated and published: Balmes's "Pro- estantism and CathoHcity Compared in their Effects on the Civilization of Europe" (Balti- more, 18.50); Chateaubriand's "Genius of Christian- ity" (Baltimore, 1856); and compiled the "Life of Mrs. Eliza A. Seton" (New York, 1853), founder of the American branch of the Sisters of Charity.

Cathedral Records (Baltimore, 1906), 60; Freemati'.i Journal (New, York), contemporarj' files; Allibone, Diet, of Authors, s.v.

Thomas F. Meehan.

White, Eustace, Venerable, martjT, b. at Louth, Lincolnshire, in 15(50; suffered at the London Tyburn, 10 December, 1591. His parents were here- tics, and his conversion resulted in a curse from his father. He was educated at Reims (1584) and at Rome (1586), where he was ordained. He came on the mission in November, 1588, and laboured in the west of England. On 1 Sept., 1591, he was betrayed at Blandford, Dorset, by a lawyer with whom he had conversed upon rehgion. For two days he held pubhc discussion with a minister, and greatly impressed the Protestants present. He was then sent to London, and lodged in Bridewell, IS September, where for forty-six days he was kept lying on straw with his hands closely manacled. On 25 October the Pri\'y Council gave orders for his examination under torture, and on seven occasions he was kept hanging by his manacled hands for hours together; he also suffered deprivation of food and clothing. On 6 December together with Edmund Gennings and Poly- dore Plasden, priests, and Sydney Hodgson (q. v.), Swithin Wells, and John Mason, laymen, he was tried before the King's Bench, and condemned for coming into England contrary to law. He forgave Topcliffe his cruelties, and prayed for him, and at his execution, telling the people that his only treason was his priest- hood, he thanked God for the happy crown to his labours. Being cut down alive, he rose to his feet, but was tripped up and dragged to the fire where two men stood upon his arms while the executioner butchered him. With him suffered Polydore Plasden and the three laymen.

Venerable Polydore Plasden, alias Oliver Palmer, born in 1563, w.oa the son of a London horner. He was educated at Reims and at Rome, where he was ordained priest on 7 December, 1,586. He re- mained at Rome for more than a year, and then was at Reims from 8 April till 2 September, 1588, when he was sent on the mission. While at Rome he had signed a petition for the retention of the Jesuits as superiors of the English College, but in Englancl he wa-s considered to have suffered injury through their agency. He was captured on 8 Nov., 1591, in Lon-